消防专业论文-从汶川特大地震谈自然灾害应急管理.docxVIP

PAGE I PAGE IV 摘 要 我国是世界上自然灾害最严重的少数国家之一，灾害种类多，发生频率高，分布地域广，造成损失大，可以说灾情严重也是我国的“基本国情”之一。地震是群祸之首，是人类生存和文明建设的大敌。它以巨大的能量，瞬息间使成千上万乃至数十万生灵惨遭伤亡，使人们辛勤劳动的成果毁于一旦。去年四川省汶川县境内突然发生8级特大地震，此次地震是新中国成立以来破坏性最强、波及范围最广、救灾难度最大的一次地震，严重影响了我国的社会稳定和经济发展。地震强大的破坏力震惊了世人的同时，也引发了我们对灾害应急管理的思考，最大限度的降低灾后各种损失成了人们关注的焦点。本文从中国自然灾害应急管理的现状出发，通过对发达国家自然灾害管理和救助体系的比较研究，指出了中国自然灾害应急管理在理论和实践方面存在的问题。在此基础上，从灾害应急管理的基础性建设、灾害管理的法律体系、民众的减灾基础性知识普及、救灾资金保障体制、救助和恢复重建工作等方面提出了改进思路。 关键词 自然灾害; 应急管理; 汶川地震 Abstract China is the country with the most serious natural disaster in the world, there’re many kinds of disasters that happens frequetly, distributed widely, and caused a lot damage. It can be said that serious damage is also one of Chinas basic national conditions. Earthquake disaster is the first group of human survival and the enemy of civilization. Thousands of people may be injured for its great energy in a second. Wen chuan County took place 8.0 large earthquake in SiChuan Province of china last year. The earthquake was the strongest，the most widely spread and the most difficult relief devastating since the founding of New China. The earthquake has seriously affected Chinas social stability and economic development. The destructive power of a strong earthquake not only shocked human，but also led to the disaster emergency management.How to maximum reduce of disaster losses have become the focus of attention. The article developed through the natural disaster management and rescue system of comparative studies，from the emergency management of natural disasters in Chinas current situation，noted that Chinas natural disasters， emergency management. Compared with the developed countries，This article pointed out the problems of emergency management of natural disasters in China in theory and practice. On this basis，from the basis of disaster emergency management of the construction of the legal system of disaster management，basic public awareness of disaster reduction， disaster relief funding system， relief and rehabilitati