第七章-微生物生态.pptVIP

Chapter 6 Microbial ecology and resources Two terms: 1.Microbial ecology: Is now used in a general way to describe the presence and distribution of microbes. It is the study of the behavior and activities of microbes in their natural environments. 2.Environmental microbiology: In comparison, relates primarily to all-over microbial processes that occur in a soil, water or food, as examples. it is not concerned with the particular microenvironment where the microbes actually are functioning, but with the broader-scale effects of microbial presence and activities. 6.1 Microbes in nature ecosystem 6.1.1 Microbes and microenvironment In a microbial ecosystem, individual cells grow to form populations. Metabolically related populations constitute groupings called guilds. Sets of guilds conducting complementary physiological processes interact to form microbial communities. Microbial communities then interacts with communities of microbes to define the entire ecosystem. 6.1.2 Distribution of microbes The distribution of microbes in nature ecosystem depends on the resources (nutrients) available and on the growth conditions. Temperature, PH, water availability, light, oxygen of a habitat define the niche for each particular microbes. 1.In soil organisms in soil soil is the habitat(环境) for a variety of organisms, including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, protozoa, insects, nematodes（线虫）, worms and many other animals. Viruses also are present in soils. This complex biological community contributes to the formation（形成）, maintenance（维持）, and in some situations, the degradation（降解） and disappearance（消失） of soils. (2) Soils as an environment for microbes: A major characteristic of soils they are typically not water saturated（饱和）, making it possible for oxygen to penetrate into the passages and pores soils also can contain isolated regions