多功能油菜联合收获机的研究-农业推广专业论文.docxVIP

多功能油菜联合收获机的研究 摘 要 本文论述了我国油菜联合收获机的发展现状和实现我国油菜机械化 收获的重要意义。在此基础上，根据油菜生物学特征，提出并解决了研 制油菜收获机所涉及到的关键技术问题。论述了多功能油菜联合收获机 的研究思路，即：性能上体现优质高效，技术上提高科技含量，最终达 到适应性、可靠性、经济性的统一；并通过对关键技术的优化设计，实 现油菜联合收获机兼用稻、麦收获的功能。 通过对本课题的研究，取得了以下主要成果：优化选用发动机功率 44Kw，有利于克服瞬间超载；采用静液压传动器与机械专用变速箱组合 底盘，实现了收获、行走无级变速，对收获不同作物，可以达到最匹配 的收获速度，充分适应多功能和深泥脚田块作业的要求；可拆卸式油菜 专用割台与稻、麦通用割台驳接组合，拨禾轮后缩的优化设计和侧竖式 双向动刀片切割分行，有效地解决油菜收获时分禾、拨禾造成的收获损 失；钉齿轴流式脱粒滚筒与固定齿凹板筛独特结构组合和双层可更换冲 孔型平面筛，有效解决了油菜脱粒分离难题。 试验鉴定结果表明，优化设计后的多功能油菜联合收获机，总损失 率：油菜为 5.8%、水稻为 0.9%、小麦为 0.9%；含杂率：油菜为 4.2%、 水稻为 0.3%、小麦为 0.4%；破碎率：油菜为 0.1%、水稻为 0.2%、小麦 为 0.2%。且其使用可靠性达到 96.3%，主要技术性能指标达到国际先进 水平。该机的研制对推动我国农机设备的技术水平，提升农机设备技术 层次将发挥积极作用，具有较高的理论和实际应用价值。 关键词 多功能，油菜联合收获机，关键技术，优化设计 RESEARCHING ON THE MULTI-FUNCTION RAPE COMBINE ABSTRACT This paper discusses the developing state of rape combine as well as the importance of realizing mechanized rape harvest in our country. Based on the discussing, key technique problems of researching and developing rape combine are settled according to the biological features of rape. Developing thoughts of the multi-function rape combine are also discussed, such as high quality and efficiency in performance, high-technology in engineering, which causes the uniform of flexibility, reliability and economy. By optimum designing of key techniques, the rape combine can be used to harvest both rice and wheat. During the research of rape combine, following achievements are obtained, such as overcoming of instant overloading by selecting an engine with power of 44KW, achieving the most-matched harvesting velocity and variable-speed driving for different crops by using composite chassis frame with hydrostatic driver and special mechanical gearbox. It can Effectively reduce the harvesting loss while dividing and reeling the rape by combining the removable special rape feed table and general feed table aiming at rice and wheat and by the optimum design of backward reel and side vertical reverse sickle section. Further more，The unique flitch structures as