掺磷硅溶胶的制备及其对真丝和羊毛织物的阻燃整理-纺织化学与染整工程专业论文.docxVIP

掺磷硅溶胶的制备及其对真丝和羊毛织物的阻燃整理 中文摘要 掺磷硅溶胶的制备及其对真丝和羊毛织物的阻燃整理 中文摘要 本文采用溶胶凝胶法，通过掺杂含磷添加剂对硅溶胶进行改性制备掺磷硅溶胶， 探讨其在真丝和羊毛织物上的阻燃整理。 以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体，乙醇(EtOH)为水解共溶剂，盐酸(HCl)为催化剂 制备了二氧化硅溶胶，并整理于真丝和羊毛织物，通过测试整理后织物的极限氧指数， 探讨了溶胶制备时水酯比、醇酯比、酸的用量、反应温度和时间，以及整理工艺中轧 余率、焙烘温度和焙烘时间对整理后真丝和羊毛织物阻燃性能的影响，并对工艺进行 优化。在此优化工艺的基础上，以磷酸、磷酸二氢铵以及亚磷酸二甲酯为添加剂对硅 溶胶掺杂，进一步提高溶胶的阻燃性能，探讨不同掺杂比例的掺磷硅溶胶对整理后织 物阻燃性能的影响。得到纯硅溶胶的制备工艺为 n[TEOS]:n[H2O]:n[EtOH]=1:1:3，磷 掺杂时的工艺为 n[TEOS]:n[H2O]:n[EtOH]=1:20:3，pH 值为 2 左右，70℃，3 h，整理 工艺为两浸两轧、预烘、160℃焙烘 6 min；掺磷硅溶胶中磷酸二氢铵为 8%时溶胶的 阻燃效率最高，在此工艺下整理真丝和羊毛织物的极限氧指数分别达到 31.7%和 29.7%。 通过粒径分析、红外光谱分析和热分析对溶胶进行表征和测试，证明了均一稳定 的纳米溶胶体系的形成，热分析结果表明掺磷后硅溶胶的热稳定性能得到改善；通过 扫描电镜、X-射线衍射和 X-射线光电子能谱表征织物表面的结构和元素组成，证明 纯硅溶胶和掺磷硅溶胶已经整理到织物表面；通过极限氧指数测定、垂直燃烧测试、 微型量热测试和热分析表征了整理后织物的燃烧性能和热性能，结果表明掺磷硅溶胶 能有效地提高真丝和羊毛织物的阻燃性能。 关键字：溶胶凝胶；羊毛；真丝；阻燃；磷系阻燃剂；掺杂 作 者：张 维 指导老师：邢铁玲 I Abstract Preparation of Phosphorus Doped Silica Sol and Flame Retardant Finishing of Silk and Wool Fabric Preparation of Phosphorus Doped Silica Sol and Flame Retardant Finishing of Silk and Wool Fabric Abstract Phosphorus doped silica sols were prepared using phosphorus based flame retardants as additive via sol-gel method, and applied on silk and wool fabric. Pure silica sol was prepared using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursor, ethanol (EtOH) as co-solvent, hydrochloric acid (HCl) as catalyst, and then applied onto silk and wool fabric respectively. Taking the LOI values of the treated fabrics as evaluation index, the effects of the preparing condition such as n[TEOS]:n[H2O], n[TEOS]:n[EtOH], reaction pH value, reaction temperature and time and finishing process such as pick-up value, baking temperature and time on the flame retardancy of finished silk and wool fabrics were discussed. On the basis of optimized silica sol preparation conditions, phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and dimethyl phosphate were doped into the silica sols respectively in order to improve the flame retardancy of the sol system and also the effect of different content of phos