44_渗透调节与排泄.pptVIP

Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion Overview: A Balancing Act Physiological systems of animals operate in a fluid environment. Relative concentrations of water and solutes must be maintained within fairly narrow limits. Osmoregulation regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water. Freshwater animals show adaptations that reduce water uptake and conserve solutes. Desert and marine animals face desiccating environments that can quickly deplete body water. Excretion gets rid of nitrogenous metabolites and other waste products. Osmoregulation balances the uptake and