23_种群的进化.pptVIP

Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations Overview: The Smallest Unit of Evolution Natural selection acts on individuals, but only populations evolve. Genetic variations in populations contribute to evolution. Microevolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population over generations. Two processes, mutation and sexual reproduction, produce the variation in gene pools that contributes to differences among individuals. Population geneticists measure polymorphisms in a population by determining the amount of heterozygosity at the gene and molecular levels. Average heterozygosity measures t