城市河道挡水建筑物影响试验研究-水力学及河流动力学专业论文.docx

摘 要 河流是城市形成和发展中最关键的资源和载体，关系到城市存亡，制约着城 市的发展，是影响城市风格和美化城市环境的重要因素。目前我国的城市河道治 理现状不全尽人意，随着社会的进步、科技的发展、我国快速城市化进程的到来 和人类需求层次的现实转变，现代城市河流的功能又有了极大的丰富和拓展。20 世纪 90 年代后期以来我国尽管在城市河道整治中越来越关注水环境建设，并进行 了初步的实践，但对城市河道综合治理与生态建设的理论基础、原则、方法和内 容的综合分析研究还未成系统。 河道中修建坝体后满足了发电、灌溉、防洪排涝的要求等，改变了原有河道 的水流特性。在多组室内水槽实验基础上，本文的主要工作有：1、对无坝与全坝 在不同流量不同坡度下沿程断面水深，沿程断面流速，坝体前后断面的横向流速 进行了对比。对全坝时坝前壅水长度壅水量进行了计算。2、对无坝与开口坝在不 同流量不同坡度下沿程断面水深，沿程断面流速，坝体前后断面的横向流速进行 了对比。对开口坝时坝前壅水长度壅水量进行了计算。3、对全坝与开口坝在不同 流量不同坡度下沿程断面水深，沿程断面流速，坝体前后断面的横向流速进行了 对比。对全坝与开口坝的坝前壅水长度壅水量进行了对比。 关键词：河道治理；挡水建筑物；水流特性 I Abstract A river serve as a most essential resource either when a city begins to take shape or when it already starts developing.A river also embodies its general environment the existence or non-existence of a whole city rests largely upon the river which can have a great influence on its own development and affect its stylistic characteristics as much as its beautification. China presently is not doing a quite satisfactory job, though the utility of urban river has highly expanded and enriched，along with the evolution of society, the development of scientific technology, ever-speeding urbanization as well as the elevation of public demand. Although greater attention have been paid to water environment construction since the late 1990s,and some preliminary practice have also been carried out, there’s a lack of comprehensive study and analysis of the basic principles, specific methods and programmers of comprehensive reclamation of urban rivers and ecological construction. River dam built after meet the power generation, irrigation, flood and draining waterlogging requirements etc, it changes the original channel characteristic.As of the flow in many groups of indoor water tank test basis this paper main job has: 1. To compared with no dam and the whole dam in different flow under different slope along the riser section depth , along the riser cross-section velocity, dam before and after the lateral velocity profile. On the whole dam wh