城市道路交通拥挤收费定价研究-交通运输规划与管理专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 解决道路交通拥挤的问题可以从扩大交通的供给和加强交通需求管理两方面着 手。道路交通拥挤定价是缓解城市道路交通拥挤最有效的交通需求管理手段之一， 也是交通管理研究的热点和核心问题。合理的收费价格有利于调整交通结构，减少 交通出行，实现交通需求在时间和空间上的平衡，以达到解决道路交通拥挤为最终 目的。所以，对道路交通拥挤定价的研究显得非常重要。 本文在城市道路交通拥挤收费理论研究的基础上，分析了城市道路交通拥挤形 成机理、特性、收费的必要性和可行性，提出了拥挤收费实施过程中的几个问题， 并从拥挤外部成本、交通量、交通需求弹性、城市经济发展水平和环境影响约束五 个方面阐述了拥挤收费定价影响因素。论文对当前国内外道路交通拥挤定价方法及 典型定价模型进行了总结，提出了适用于城市道路的基于动态平衡的拥挤定价模型， 并给出了具体的求解算法——迭代实验法。最后通过实例应用，对动态平衡拥挤定 价模型进行了验证，模型区别了拥挤定价模型值和参考值。 通过本文研究表明，动态平衡拥挤定价模型能很好的满足现实城市道路网络求 解的要求，该方法的求解是收敛的，通过反复迭代可以找到满足一定收敛度的路段 收费价格。从算例的结果中我们发现，各路段收费关于迭代次数有一定的波动，但 随着迭代次数增加，波动变小，甚至消失。另外，只有路段流量接近路段环境容量 时的路段收费才不为零，否则是不需要收费的。 关键词：交通拥挤 定价模型 动态平衡定价 城市道路 Abstract The problems of road traffic congestion can be resolved by expanding the supply of traffic and enhancing the traffic demand management. Road traffic congestion pricing is one of the most effective traffic demand management means to alleviate the urban road traffic congestion, and it is the focus of traffic management research. Reasonable charge is helpful for adjusting traffic structure, reducing trips, and realizing the balance of traffic demand in time and space to achieve the final purpose. So, the research in road traffic congestion pricing is very important. This paper analyzes the formation mechanism, feature, necessity and feasibility of charges of urban road based on urban road traffic congestion theory, and proposes several problems in the implementation of congestion charging. Moreover, the factors on congestion charging include external congestion costs, traffic, traffic demand elasticity, urban economic development level, and environmental constraints are raised. This paper summarizes the current road traffic congestion pricing models and their merit and demerit and then put forward the dynamic equilibrium pricing model and its algorithm. Finally, this paper verifies the dynamic equilibrium pricing model by constructing an urban road network, and distinguishes the difference between pricing value and actual pricing value. Through the stud