反应工程基础程易chap8.ppt

Overview of energy balances 1. Adiabatic CSTR, PFR, Batch or PBR. The relationship between conversion and temperature for For an exothermic reaction T XEB T0 2. CSTR with heat exchanger 3. PFR/PBR with heat exchange and large coolant flow rate T Ta FA0 T0 coolant PBR Ta PFR Ta 3A. PBR in terms of conversion 3B. PFR in terms of conversion 3C. PBR in terms of molar flow rates 3D. PFR in terms of molar flow rates 4. Batch 5. For semibatch or unsteady CSTR 6. For multiple reactions in a PFR 7. For a variable coolant temperature, Ta A = CSTR heat-exchange area U = overall heat-transfer coefficient (J/m2?s?K) a = PFR heat-exchange are per volume of reactor (m2/m3) CPi = mean heat capacity of species i (J/mol/K) CPc = the heat capacity of the coolant (J/kg/K) = coolant flow rate (kg/s) = heat of reaction (J/mol) Example First order reaction Adiabatic Choose X Calculate T Calculate k Calculate -rA Calculate FA0/(-rA) Non-adiabatic PFR Non-adiabatic CSTR Summary 1. The heat of reaction at temperature T, per mole of A, is Reaction: 2. The mean heat capacity difference, ?Cp, per mole of A is 3. When there are no phase changes, the heat of reaction at T is related to the heat to the heat of reaction at the standard reference temperature TR, by 4. Neglecting changes in potential energy, kinetic energy, and viscous dissipation, and for the case of no work done on or by the system and all species entering at the same temperature, the steady state CSTR energy balance is 5. For adiabatic operation of a PFR, PBR, CSTR, or batch reactor, the temperature conversion relationship is 6. The energy balance on a PFR/PBR 7. The temperature dependence of the specific reaction is given in the form 8. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant is given by van’t Hoff’s equation for ?Cp = 0, 9. Multiple steady states: with 10. The criteria for Runaway reactions occurs when R(T) G(T) RG GR RG GR ? ? ? ? Tr: reactor temperature; 11. When q multiple reactions are taking place