前庭蜗器286812380-精选（公开课件）.ppt

General features Three parts External ear 外耳: collects sound waves Middle ear 中耳: transmits sound waves Internal ear 内耳: contains the vestibulocochlear organ concerned with equilibration and hearing External ear 外耳 Auricle 耳廓 External acoustic meatus 外耳道 Tympanic membrane 鼓膜 Auricle 耳廓 External acoustic meatus 外耳道 A slender canal that extends from external acoustic pore to tympanic membrane Two parts Cartilaginous part－ lateral 1/3 Bony part－medial 2/3 Lined by a layer of thin skin. This S-shaped passage medially, at first forward and upward, then backward and, finally forward and downward. Tympanic membrane 鼓膜 A thin oval membrane Two parts Flaccid part 松弛部: upper 1/4 Tense part 紧张部: lower 3/4 Umbo of tympanic membrane 鼓膜脐 Cone of light 光锥 Middle ear 中耳 Tympanic cavity 鼓室 Auditory tube 咽鼓管 Mastoid antrum 乳突窦and mastoid cells 乳突小房 Tympanic cavity 鼓室 An air-containing cavity locates within petrous portion of temporal bone Walls Walls Roof or tegmental wall 鼓室盖壁 formed by tegmen tympani, separates tympanic cavity from middle cranial fossa Floor or jugular wall 颈静脉壁separates the cavity from superior bulb of internal jugular vein Anterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁separates tympanic cavity from carotid canal, superiorly lies two openings: Upper opening for tensor tympani muscle Lower opening for auditory tube, which communicates with nasopharynx Posterior wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁 Aditus of mastoid antrum Pyramid 锥隆起 lateral wall or membranous wall 膜壁－tympanic membrane with epitympanic recess superiorly Medial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁 Promontory 岬 Fenestra vestibuli 前庭窗 Fenestra cochleae 蜗窗covered by secondary tympanic membrane 第二鼓膜 Prominence of facial canal 面神经管凸 Auditory ossicles 听小骨 Consists of chain of three bones: Malleus 锤骨 Incus 砧骨 Stapes 镫骨 Articulate by synovial joints Transmit vibration of tympanic membrane to footplate of stapes in fenestra vestibule. Muscles of auditory ossicles Tensor tympani 鼓膜张肌 Stapedius 镫骨肌 Auditory