常见的samuel johnson (塞缪尔约翰逊) 的简介.ppt

Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson (1709 – 1784), often referred to as Dr. Johnson, was an English author who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. He is also the subject of the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature: James Boswells Life of Samuel Johnson. After nine years of work, Johnsons A Dictionary of the English Language was published in 1755; it had a far-reaching effect on Modern English and has been described as one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship. This work brought Johnson popularity and success. Until the completion of the Oxford English Dictionary 150 years later, Johnsons was viewed as the pre-eminent British dictionary. His later works included essays, an influential annotated edition of William Shakespeares plays, and the widely read tale Rasselas. In 1763, he befriended James Boswell, with whom he later travelled to Scotland. Towards the end of his life, he produced the massive and influential Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets, a collection of biographies and evaluations of 17th- and 18th-century poets. Samuel Johnson often claimed that he grew up in poverty. He soon contracted scrofula（淋巴结核）. An operation was performed that left him with permanent scars across his face and body. Johnson demonstrated signs of great intelligence as a child. To earn money, Johnson began to stitch books for his father, and it is possible that Johnson spent most of his time in his fathers bookshop reading various works and building his literary knowledge. In 1728, a few weeks after he turned 19, Johnson entered Pembroke College, Oxford. After thirteen months, a shortage of funds forced Johnson to leave Oxford without a degree. He eventually received a degree: just before the publication of his Dictionary in 1755, Oxford University awarded Johnson the degree of Master of Arts. He was awarded an honorary doctora