钻孔灌注桩常见工程事故预防的措施.docVIP

钻孔灌注桩常见工程事故预防的措施 　　摘要：钻孔灌注桩具有低噪音、小震动、无挤土，对周围环境及邻近建筑物影响小，能穿越各种复杂地层和形成较大的单桩承载力，适应各种地质条件和不同规模建筑物等优点，在桥梁、房屋、水工建筑物等工程中得到广泛应用，已成为重要的桩型。随着社会经济发展的需要，钻孔灌注桩的桩长和桩径不断加大，单桩承载力也越来越高，同时，也使单柱单桩的设计成为可能。对于长桩、大桩，其施工难度大，易发生质量事故。而单柱单桩的设计，对桩的质量要求高，发生质量事故后，加固处理难度大，且费用较高。因此，有必要对钻孔灌注桩的常见质量事故加以分析，找出质量事故发生的原因，研究相应对策，尽可能防止质量事故发生。 　　关键词：钻孔灌注桩；工程事故；预防措施 　　Abstract: Bored pile with low noise, small vibration, no soil compaction, little impact on the surrounding environment and adjacent buildings, can pass through the complex formation and the formation of the bearing capacity of single pile is larger, can adapt to various geological conditions and different scale buildings, has been widely used in bridge engineering, housing, hydraulic structures etc. pile type, has become an important. Along with the social economy development need, bored pile length and pile diameter increasing, the bearing capacity of single pile is also more and more high, at the same time, but also make the design of single pole single pile is possible. For long pile, pile, the construction difficulty is big, easy quality accident. While the single column design of single pile, high requirements on the quality of pile, quality accident, treatment is difficult, and the cost was high. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the common quality accidents of bored pile, find out the quality of the cause of the accident, study the corresponding countermeasures, as far as possible to prevent the quality accidents. 　　Keywords: bored pile；construction accident；preventive measures 　　中图分类号：U443.15+4文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-2104（2012） 　　1地质勘探资料和设计文件存在的问题 　　地质勘探主要存在勘探孔间距太大、孔深太浅、土工试验数量不足、土工取样和土工试验不规范、桩周摩阻力和桩端阻力不准等问题。设计文件主要存在对地质勘探资料没有认真消化、桩型选择不当、峻工地面标高不清等问题。因此，在桩基础开始施工前，应针对这些问题对地质勘探资料和设计文件进行认真审查。另外，对桩基础持力层厚度变化较大的场地，应适当加密地质勘探孔，必要时进行补充勘探，防止桩端落在较薄的持力层上而发生桩端冲切破坏。场地有较厚的回填层和软土层时，设计者应认真校核桩基是否存在负摩擦现象。 　　2孔口高程及钻孔深度的误差 　　2.1 孔口高程的误差 　　孔口高程的误差主要有两方面，一是由于地质勘探完成后场地再次回填，计算孔口高程时疏忽引起的误差。二是由于施工场地在施工过程中废渣的堆积，地面不断升高，孔口高程发生变化造成的误差。其对策是认真校核原始水准点和各孔口的绝对高程，每根桩