《光栅光谱的非线性研究》-毕业学术论文设计.docVIP

PAGE 光栅光谱的非线性研究 摘要 当汞灯，钠灯，氦氖激光器等所发出的平行光斜入射光栅面时，发现汞灯，钠灯，氦氖激光器等衍射光谱的位置并不随光谱波长的不同而线性分布。即当复色平行光斜入射光栅面时，每一色光光谱的同级正级光谱和负级光谱并不关于零级光谱对称。并且在汞灯光谱中，同一个入射角下这种不对称性随着光谱波长的增大而增大。本文中对此发现进行了相应的理论分析，主要分析了以上的非线性出现的原因和如何使这种非线性现象在实验验证中更明显的表现出来。在实验验证中由于入射角难以控制，因此，在用分光计进行观察测量中重点关注了谱线丰富的汞灯光谱。并且为了测量准确和效果明显，以汞灯光谱中人眼敏感的绿光光谱的最小偏向角时的入射角位置作为整个汞灯光谱谱线的入射角位置。以此得出斜入射时光栅光谱的非线性特征。 关键词：分光计, 衍射角, 最小偏向角, 不对称性, 非线性 ABSTRACT When the mercury lamp, sodium lamp and helium-neon laser°s ray is irradiating at the surface of the raster slantways, we°ll find that the place of the mercury lamp, sodium lamp and helium-neon laser°s ray°s diffraction spectrum is not linearity as the distributing of the wavelength of the diffraction spectrum. In other words, when the parallel ray with compound colors slantways is irradiating at the surface of the raster, For every color of ray, in the same rank its positive diffraction spectrum and negative diffraction spectrum are not symmetrical with the naught diffraction spectrum.When it°s a same incidence angle in the spectrum of the mercury lamp, the wavelength is longer, the dissymmetry is larger .We have given some theoretical analysis for this discovery, we have analyzed the causation of nonlinear and how to make it more obvious in the experiment. Because the angle of incidence is difficult to control, we pay more attention to the mercury lamp with abundant spectrums when we are using the spectrometer. In order to make sure that it can be more exact and obvious, we choose the green line which is more sensitive for our eyes in the mercury lamp spectrum. Then when it is the least diffraction angle, we°ll make the angle of incidence as the whole mercury lamp spectrum°s angle of incidence. Finally it°ll show us that the spectrum of raster is nonlinear when the parallel ray is irradiating at the surface of the raster slantways. Key words：spectrometer, diffraction angle, least diffraction angle, dissymmetry, nonlinear 目 录 引言……………………………………………………………………………………4 第1章 有关非线性理论推导的知识准备