主谓一致重难点剖析.docVIP

主谓一致重难点剖析 　　一、 指导原则 　　 　　主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。大多数学生往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下,主谓一致关系由以下三个原则支配: 　　语法一致原则 　　意义一致原则 　　就近原则 　　 　　二、主谓一致 　　 　　1. 并列主语的主谓一致 　　(1)两个单数名词用and连接,表示不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数。如: 　　Wind and water are different forms of energy. 　　(2)两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一人、同一物或同一概念,或表示不可分的整体时,谓语仍然用单数。如: 　　①Trial and error is the source of our knowledge. 　　② The farmer and writer is going to deliver us a speech next month. 　　(3)被every,each,many a,no等限定的单数主语由and连接时,谓语动词仍用单数。其中后一个限定词可省去。如: 　　① Each man and (each) woman there is asked to help. 　　② Every flower and(every) bush is to be cut down. 　　(4) 一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词所修饰时,可以指一件事或几件事,这种名词作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如: 　　English and British literature are appealing to many Chinese readers. 　　(5) 由and连接的两个what从句作主语时,要根据意义一致原则决定谓语动词的数。如: 　　① What he says and does do not agree. 　　② What he says and does does not concern me. 　　(6) 由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor,not only... but(also)连接的并列主语,通常根据就近原则,谓语动词的单复数要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。如: 　　① One or two friends are coming to see me this evening. 　　② Neither he nor I am going to take part in the school sports meeting. 　　(7)单数名词 + with,along with,together with,rather than,but,besides,as well as等所跟的名词作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数。如: 　　① Who else,besides Mr. Smith,wants to go there? 　　② Diligence as well as good luck is the key to success. 　　2. 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致 　　(1)集体名词committee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,government,group,mob,staff,team,union等,在意义上是复数,但在语法形式上是单数,这类名词作主语时的主谓一致问题往往遵循“语法一致”或“意义一致”原则。如: 　　① Our class is made up of 31 boys and 23 girls. 　　② Our class were having an English lesson when the headmaster came into the classroom. 　　(2)由两个相同部分构成的物体名词,如trousers,pants,jeans,compasses,glasses,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of 来修饰,谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair的数。如: 　　① These trousers need cleaning. 　　② This pair of trousers on the shelf is mine. 　　3. 数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致 　　(1)表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时,通常作为整体看待,后接单数动词。如: 　　① Twenty years is a long time in one’s life. 　　② Fifty m