南医大病理任勇亚4炎症.ppt

炎 症 Inflammation 炎症的概念 炎症的原因（致炎因子） 物理因子 化学因子 生物性因子（最常见） 组织坏死 变态反应 为什么要消炎？ When the infection is severe… When the eliciting agent resists eradication… When it is directed against self-antigens… 炎症的两面性 Key reaction of the innate immune response 可引起损伤 与慢性病和癌症有关 急性炎症 Acute inflammation is a rapid response to injury or microbes and other foreign substances that is designed to deliver leukocytes and plasma proteins to sites of injury. 炎性水肿的意义 稀释和中和毒素 为WBC带来营养，带走代谢产物 免疫作用（抗体补体、淋巴回流） 纤维素网 压迫和阻塞 过多纤维素机化 炎症介质 inflammatory mediator 炎症过程中，介导和参与炎症反应过程的化学因子 外源性 内源性（来源于血浆和细胞） 炎症的淋巴道和血道播散 A window of adherent pericardium has been opened to reveal the surface of the heart. There are thin strands of fibrinous exudate that extend from the epicardial surface to the pericardial sac. This is typical for a fibrinous pericarditis. In extreme cases the heart is so completely encased by dense scar tissues that is cannot expand normally during diastole, called constrictive Constrictive pericarditis is a disorder caused by inflammation of the pericardium (the sac-like covering of the heart) with subsequent thickening, scarring, and contracture of the pericardium. The most common causes of constrictive pericarditis are conditions that induce chronic inflammation of the pericardium: tuberculosis, radiation therapy to the chest, and cardiac surgery. An 87-year-old white woman was readmitted to the hospital because of recurrent pneumonia. Ten days earlier, she had been treated for right lower lobe pneumonia at another institution. She was discharged on moxifloxacin (Avelox) and doxycycline (Vibramycin). She returned home, where she was recovering, but then she became weak, short of breath, and constipated. She also passed several loose stools. In light of the patients recent history of antibiotic use, the sudden leukocytosis, her age and frail condition, and her recent hospital admission, C. difficile-associated diarrhea was considered, and a stool sample was obtained