AP-心理学-讲义-Personality学习资料.pptVIP

Ego Defense Ego defense is the largely unconscious mental strategy to reduce anxiety or conflict. Repression: the ego defense that excludes unacceptable or inappropriate thoughts and feelings from our awareness. A complete list of ego defenses is on page 416, be able to identify what these are. * Assessing the Unconscious Projective Test a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes * Assessing the Unconscious--TAT * Assessing the Unconscious Rorschach Inkblot Test the most widely used projective test a set of 10 inkblots designed by Hermann Rorschach seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots * Assessing the Unconscious--Rorschach * Criticism of Freud While Freud is still wildly popular in media and culture, it has lost most of it support in the psychology field. Many Freudian concepts (libido, repression) are vague The focus is on retrospective explanation Only looks back, doesn’t give credit to the present or future No thought given to women The unconscious mind is not as smart/purposeful as Freud would like us to believe * Neo-Freudians Freud was a controversial figure, and many of his collogues broke away from his view, but still maintained a psychodynamic aspect to their theories Alfred Adler importance of childhood social tension Karen Horney sought to balance Freud’s masculine biases Carl Jung emphasized the collective unconscious concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history . * Humanistic Theories Humanistic theories are optimistic about the core of human nature. Personality is driven by needs to adapt and learn, rather than unconscious conflicts or defense mechanisms and anxiety Mental disorders occur when a pers