医学常见的心脏解剖.pptVIP

* The body planes: Sagittal divide the body into right and left. Frontal divide the body into anterior and posterior Horizontal divide the body into superior and inferior. Schematic representation of the AV junctions within the heart and the body in the left anterior oblique projection. The correct anatomic coordinates are shown. Anat * Anatomically located in the mediastinum, . Average size is that of your own fist Average wt = 350 grams Healthy heart circulates approximately 4 liters of blood a min * The pericardium is 1. a fibrous layer : anchor the heart to the surrounding structures. 2. A serous epicardium consists of 2 layers: Visceral and parietal pericardium. Between them pericardial fluids. Complication of tamponade * Replace images with CT * The muscular walls of the heart consist of three major layers. The bulk of the walls is made up of a layer of cardiac muscle and is called the myocardium. The muscle is enclosed on the outside by the epicardium and on the inside by the endocardium. The heart is also covered completely by a protective sac called the pericardium. Epicardium The outside of the myocardium is covered with a thin layer called the epicardium. This thin layer consists mostly of connective tissue and fat.  Myocardium This is the thick layer of cardiac muscle which is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the ventricles and atria. This layer is composed almost completely of cardiomyocytes. Endocardium The inner lining of the heart is called the endocardium. It is a smooth membrane of endothelial cells that lines not only the chambers of the heart, but the valves as well. This is the same layer that covers the inside of all of the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system.  Pericardium The heart is enclosed in a bag called the pericardium. The pericardium is an extremely tough membrane that acts as protection for the heart and is not directly connected to the walls of the heart. It is composed of two layers, and between