《嗜热微生物的研究进展及应用》-毕业论文.docVIP

嗜热微生物的研究进展及应用 宜春学院 化学与生物工程学院 03生物教育 张志刚 指导老师：姜琼 摘要 嗜热微生物是一类最适生长温度高于45?C的微生物，嗜热酶是从嗜热微生物中分离得到的一类热稳定性酶，由于嗜热酶分子内部有很多氢键、二硫键及紧密而有韧性的空间结构的存在，所以嗜热酶在高温条件下具有很强的稳定性，高温反应活性，以及对有机溶剂、去污剂和变性剂的较强抗性，嗜热酶在许多方面都有广泛的应用。当前获得嗜热酶的方法主要有：直接从嗜热微生物中提取、利用基因工程技术在中温宿主中表达和利用定向分子进化技术筛选。目前酶的纯化主要采用层析法、高效液相色谱法和电泳法等方法。由于环境恶化,能源危机,全球变暖等原因, 关键词 嗜热微生物；嗜热酶；嗜热机制；应用 Thermophilic microorganism research progress and application Zhang Zhigang College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Bioengineering (Biology education), YiChun Advisor: Jiang Qiong Abstract Thermophilic microorganisms is a type of microorganisms that the most suitable growth temperature is above 45?C,the thermophilic enzyme is a type of a thermostable enzyme separated from the thermophilic microorganism, because there is a lot of hydrogen keys and two-sulphur keys in the thermophilic enzyme molecule, so the thermophilic enzyme have a very strong stability in the hot condition, as well as there is a stronger fastness to organic solvent、 eradicator and denaturant,the thermophilic enzyme have an extensive application in many fields.The method which obtained the thermophilic enzyme includes three kinds at present: distilled directly from the thermophilic microorganism, expressed in the mild host making use of a genetic engineering technique and sieved with the directional molecule evolution technique. At present the enzyme purification methods are:chromatography、HPLC and electrophoresis. Due to the cause of worsening environment, energy crisis,warmer weather, the development and application of the thermophilic enzyme will Keywords Thermophilic microorganisms; Thermophilic enzyme; Thermophilic mechanism; Application 最适生长温度高于45? 1 嗜热微生物的分类及其酶的种类和特点 1.1 嗜热微生物的分类 嗜热微生物是一类生长温度跨度在40～150℃之间的微生物,它可分为轻度嗜热(最适生长温度低于60℃)、中度嗜热(最适生长温度低于85℃) 和极度嗜热(最适生长温度大于85℃) ,主要分布于地热环境(海底温泉和陆地温泉) 和其它高温环境(如堆肥、厩肥、高温水处理厂)[1]。见诸报道的能产嗜热蛋白酶的嗜热微生物中,以芽孢杆菌最多。例如, Bacillus sp.MO21,B.sp.EA.1,B.thermoproteolyticus ,B . licheniformis及B.circulans,B.sp.AK1,B.sp.B18,B.smithii,B.sp.BT1,B