2013年语法通霸非谓语.doc

第五章 非谓语 第一部分 考点精讲精练 谓语和非谓语 在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式。 (参看：P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。) 英语中非谓语动词包括：动名词，现在分词，过去分词和动词不定式。无论它们在句中作什么成分，他们都保持着自己本身的属性特点。 动名词：具有名词功能，常在句中作：主语，宾语；作定语时表功能； 现在分词: 表主动和正在进行, 常在句中作： 定语， 状语，宾补； 过去分词：被动和已完成，常在句中作：定语，状语，补语； 动词不定式：表将来具体某一次，常在句中作； 主语；定语，状语，补语，宾语等。 要学好非谓语，掌握它们的本身属性很关键 作主语 动词不定式作主语与动名词作主语的区别 动词原形是不能作主语的。动词作主语时，如果侧重于表示经常性，在动词后面加ing构成动名词来做主语；如果侧重于表示将来特定的某一次，则用动词不定式来做主语。 Playing basketball is my favorite sport. (“打篮球”指经常性，因此用动名词。) To go to a key college is his dream.(“上名牌大学”指特定的将来的某一次，用不定式) 有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. ___ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. Exposed B. having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed To answer correctly is more important than _____.A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly __________ now seems impossible.A. Saving money B. To save money C. Being saved money D. To be saved money 【2009四川】He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had what在问句中作主语时，常用动名词短语来回答 What do you think made Mary so upset?_______ her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 正确选择不定式或动名词做主语(P29 ) 作宾语 作主语用动词不定式还是动名词主要是看主语表示的动作是将来还是经常性；作宾语用动词不定式还是动名词主要是看谓语动词的搭配。 有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语 这类及物动词常见的有：agree (同意) , ask (请、要) , attempt (试图) , afford 付得起 agree 同意 ask 要求apply 申请care (想要) , choose (决定、要) , decide (决定) , desire (希望) , determine (决心) , help 帮助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (学习) , manage (设法) , offer (愿意) , plan (计划、打算) , pretend (假装) , refuse (拒绝、谢绝) , wish (希望) , promise (答应)，want（想要）等等。 We asked ___ to work in the countryside.A. to be sent B. to send C. to be sending D. sending 【2010江西】There were many talented actors out there just wait