《肌学总论、头颈和躯干肌泰山医学院》课件.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Myology 肌学 Section 1 General description Composition Muscle belly肌腹 Tendon肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜 ⅡOrigin, insertion and action of skeletal muscles Ⅲ Supplementary structures of muscles Fascia 筋膜 Superficial fascia Deep fascia Section 2 Muscles of head ⅠFacial muscles 面肌 Epicranius 颅顶肌 (occipitofrontalis) 枕额肌 Frontal belly 额腹 Occipital belly 枕腹 Galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜 ⅡMasticatory muscles Masseter 咬肌 Origin－inferior border and medial surface of zygomatic arch Insertion－lateral surface of ramus of mandible and angle of mandible Action－elevates mandible Temporalis 颞肌 Origin－temporal fossa Insertion－coronoid process of mandible Action－elevates and retracts mandible Section 3 Muscles of neck ⅠSuperficial group Platysma 颈阔肌 ⅡSuprahyoid muscles Digastric 二腹肌 Stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌 Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌 Geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌 Elevate (raise) hyoid bone and depress mandible. Ⅲ Infrahyoid muscles Sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌 Omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌 Sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌 Thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌 Depress hyoid or larynx after elevation Ⅳ Deep cervical muscles Section 4 Muscles of trunk ⅠMuscles of back Trapezius 斜方肌 Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌 Erector spinae 竖脊肌 Trapezius 斜方肌 Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae Insertion: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapulary Action: upper fibers elevate scapula, lower fibers depress scapula; if scapula is fixed, one side acting along, draws head toward the same side, and turn face to opposite side; both sides together, draw head directly backward Latissimus dorsi背阔肌 Origin: spinous processes of lower six thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, median sacral crest, and posterior part of iliac crest. Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus. Action: trunk fixed, extends, adducts and medially rotates arm ; arm fixed, elevates trunk. Erector spinae Position: fills the vertebral groove on each side of the spine