《基于NS2无线传感器网络MAC协议的分析及改进》》-毕业论文.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 29 PAGE I 基于NS2无线传感器网络MAC协议的分析及改进 摘 要 无线传感器网络(WSN)被称为全球未来的三大高科技产业之一，被广泛应用于军事、医疗、环保等方面。介质访问控制(MAC)协议决定了无线通信信道的使用方式，由于无线传感器网络有自己的特性，传统的无线网络MAC协议不能直接应用于无线传感器网络，所以设计良好的MAC协议以减少网络的能量消耗和数据延迟成无线传感器网络亟待解决的问题。研究WSN的MAC协议要考虑到其能量效率问题，本文针对现有的MAC协议进行比较分析，提出了一种低时延低能耗的DMAC协议改进方法。通过对DMAC数据采集树算法的分析，对其数据传输方式进行研究，针对其负载不均衡，提出一种消息节点睡眠机制和退避策略，然后通过在NS2平台上的仿真，可发现对能量消耗和网络延迟有部分改善。 关键词 无线传感器网络，介质访问控制协议，能量效率，NS2 ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks(WSN) is one of the three high-tech industries of the world in the future. It is widely used in many fields such as military affairs, medical care, environmental protection. Medium access control(MAC) protocol directly controls the way of nodes using the wireless channel, Because of the wireless sensor networks distinct characteristics, the MAC protocol used in traditional wireless networks cant be used in wireless sensor networks directly, so design MAC protocols to reduce energy consumption and latency becomes an urgent problem in wireless sensor networks. To study wireless sensor networks must think about its energy efficient. Based on the compares and analysis in the existing MAC, an improved low-latency and energy efficient DMAC protocol was proposed. With the analysis of data gathering tree of DMAC and the research of its data transmission, a node sleep scheduling mechanism and retreats strategy is proposed according to its imbalance load. With the simulation in the simulation environment of NS2, an improved low-latency and energy efficient could be found. Key Words: WSN, MAC, Energy efficient, NS2 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc294708219 1. 绪 论 PAGEREF _Toc294708219 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc294708220 1.1 研究背景与研究意义 PAGEREF _Toc294708220 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc294708221 1.2 研究内容 PAGEREF _Toc294708221 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc294708222 2. MAC协议的原理及分析 PAGEREF _Toc294708222 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc294708223 2.1 MAC协议原理 PAGEREF _Toc294708223 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc294708224 2.1.1 无线传感器网络结构 PAGEREF _Toc294708224 \h 4