《有心力场中圆形轨道稳定性的线性分析》-毕业论文.docVIP

PAGE 有心力场中圆形轨道稳定性非线性近似分析 摘 要 本文利用微扰法研究质点在有心力作用下圆形轨道的稳定性问题。通过对比分析了一阶与二阶两种微扰近似条件下质点运动轨道的相图。在引力与距离n次方成反比的有心力场中,影响圆形轨道稳定性的因素有幂次n、轨道初始半径及微扰强度。当n趋近于2时,圆形轨道抗扰动能力比较强; 当n确定时,轨道半径越大的圆形轨道,所能承受的微扰越小。并从粒子的运动方程出发,利用非线性动力学的方法分析了行星在有心力场中运行轨道的稳定性。并指出，当粒子在与位置矢量n次方成反比的有心力的作用下，其运行轨道的稳定条件是n小于三。 关键词：稳定性；微扰法；相图；运行轨道 NONLINEAR ANALYSIS ON STABILITY OF A CIRCULAR ORBIT IN THE CENTRAL FORCE FIELD ABSTRACT In this paper，the perturbation method is used to study the stability problem of a mass particle forced by a central force in a circular orbit. By comparative analysis, phase diagram of the perturbation orbit of mass is performed under the conditions for the first-order and second-order perturbation approximations. In the central force field where the gravity is in inverse proportion to nth power of the modulus of situation vector, Influence factors on the stability of circular orbit are power index n，initial orbit radius and the strength of the perturbation. When power index n tends to 2, the anti-disturbance capability of the circular orbit is strong. The larger the circular orbit radius is, for the same power index, the smaller perturbation the orbit can endure. Based on the basic motion equation, the stability of the planet orbits in central force field is studied by using nonlinear dynamics method. It is indicated that the stability condition of planet orbits in the central force field is that n is smaller than three when particle is forced by the central force which is in inverse proportion to nth power of situation vector. Key words: stability; perturbation method; phase diagram; orbit stability 目 录 1．前言1 2．线性稳定性分析和奇点的分类2 2．1非线性方程的线性化和线性稳定性定理2 2．2线性方程的解及其稳定性3 2．3奇点（定点）的分类4 3．圆形轨道的稳定性5 3．1圆形轨道的微扰微分方程5 3．1．1取一阶微扰近似5 3．1．2取二阶微扰近似6 3．2有心力场中圆形轨道的稳定性分析7 3．2．1当时的稳定性分析7 3．2．2当时的稳定性分析7 4．行星轨道的稳定性分析12 5．结论15 参考文献16 致谢17 1 前 言 对于现行通用的理论力学教材中关于有心力场中圆形轨道稳定性的讨论，方法一般分为两类：第一类用有效势能法；第二类用比耐公式，然后归结为用线性近似方程判别稳定性。不管方法如何，这些文献都未涉及微扰大小对稳定性的影响。一般认为，当初始扰动过大，轨道不可