初中英语时态讲解及练习-(全).ppt

过去将来时 构成：（would + 动词原形，或将来时的其它过去构成形式was going to do……） 表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在宾语从句及间接引语中，时态呼应，经常会用到过去将来时。如I thought it was going to be fun. 时间状语：---soon/the next day---that-clause(名词性从句或上下文中---) 1.I told my friend that I ____ (should/ would arrive, shall/ will arrive) soon. 2.They looked at those clouds over the sky. It____(is going to rain, was going to rain). 3.They said that they ____(are to meet, were to meet) at the gate the next day. 4.We _____(are about to go, were about to go) out when it started to rain. 现在完成时 1.概念：表示发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与since+过去时（间）, for+一段时间连用。表示与现在有联系的过去的动作。 2.时间状语：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他 4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他 5.一般疑问句：have/has+主语 +p.p（过去分词）+其他? 非延续性动词和延续性动词??? 非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，常见的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start,? buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close, fall, finish, sell, lose, kill等，这些动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 但是，非延续性动词的否定形式可以表示状态的延续，可与for/since等时间状语连用。 有些同学错误地认为这类非延续性动词不能用于完成时态中。其实，错误的本质在于非延续性动词与时间段的错误搭配，与现在完成时态无关。 延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用??? 在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：?He has fallen asleep for an hour. 他睡了一小时了。（×）?His father has died for three years. 他父亲去世三年了。（×）当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法： （1）将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。如：??? He has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着”则为状态动词，可延续。）??? His father has been dead for three years.（die为短暂动词，“死”后的状态可用“be dead”这种系表结构来描述，可延续。） 常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类：??? go there—be there, come back—be back, borrow—keep, buy/catch—have, arrive—be in, begin—be on, open—be open, close—be closed, die—be dead, leave—be away from, get up—be up, fall asleep—be asleep, become—be, join—be in/a member of, receive—have, catch/get a cold—have a cold, get married—be married，come → be in，finish → be over， leaver → be awa