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- 2018-11-23 发布于福建
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淮安地区雷雨大风特征剖析
淮安地区雷雨大风特征剖析
摘 要:利用淮安地区6个国家气象观测站1986―2015年30年雷雨大风观测资料,结合天气实况和雷达回波图,对淮安地区雷雨大风时空分布特征、变化规律及其成因进行分析。结果表明:淮安地区年均雷雨大风3.9d,高发季节7~8月,高发时段16~20时,年均雷雨大风日呈先上升而后下降变化趋势,而且下降趋势更明显。统计表明:雷雨大风主要产生在低槽冷锋、高空冷涡、副高控制和台风倒槽4种天气系统中,低空有西南暖湿急流,中、高空干冷气流入侵,850hPa温度露点差处于≤-3℃的湿舌内。雷达回波特点是:回波多呈带状和弓状;有明显的风向、风速垂直切变;雷雨大风出现前,VIL值常常有明显减小趋势。
关键词:雷雨大风 天气类型 扰动 多普勒雷达 淮安
中图分类号:P466 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(2017)10(b)-0114-06
Abstract: Use of huaian region 6 national meteorological observatory 30 years strong wind observation data in 1986-2015, combined with the actual weather and radar echo image, strong wind in huaian region space-time distribution characteristics, changing law and its reasons were analyzed. The results showed that the annual average thunderstorm winds 3.9d huaian region, peak season July and August, peak time of 16-20, annual average thunderstorm winds, showed a trend of rising and falling before change, and downward trend is more obvious. Statistics show that the thunderstorm winds mainly produced in low trough cold front, high-altitude cold eddy, subtropical high control and typhoon trough 4 kinds of weather system, has the southwest warm type low-air jet, medium and high altitude air dry and cold invasion, the 850 hpa temperature difference of dew point at -3℃ or less wet tongue. The characteristics of radar echo are: zonal and arched; It has obvious wind direction and vertical shear of wind speed; VIL values tend to decrease significantly before the thunderstorm.
Key Words: Thunderstorrn wind; Type of weather; The disturbance; Doppler radar;Huaian
雷雨大?L(又叫对流性大风)是预报服务工作的重点。根据《全国短时、临近预报业务规定》定义:雷雨大风是指平均风力大于等于6级、阵风大于等于7级且伴有雷雨的天气。雷雨大风是夏季中是最常出现的一种灾害性强对流天气,由于雷雨大风天气具有明显中小尺度特征、突发性、局地性、破坏性等特点[1],常常给工农业生产带来严重的灾害损失,并且雷雨大风还是气象预报工作的难点。近年来,许多气象工作开展了一系列,有针对性研究,提出了一些新观点[2-17]。李佰平[2]研究发现:“对于高阈值、小尺度特征的强对流事件,低判别标准的最小比例法、模糊逻辑法和多事件列联表等检验方法更有应用价值”。孙一昕[3]提出:强对流过程发生在中纬度气旋、反气旋和高空槽增强发展的背景下,地面气旋与反气旋之间的冷锋也在南移中逐渐增强,而中纬度系统与西南地区低压和副热带高压间构成的鞍形场在重庆北侧造成锋生,一方面使得冷锋西段增强,另一方面通过次级环流与中层急流正反馈相互作用,加剧重庆中低层辐合抬升运动
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