植物超长链脂肪酸及角质层蜡质生物合成相关酶基因研究现状-遗传.PDF

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2008 年5 月, 30(5): 561―567 ISSN 0253-9772 综 述 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2008.00561 植物超长链脂肪酸及角质层蜡质生物合成相关酶基因 研究现状 1 2 倪郁 , 郭彦军 1. 西南大学农学与生物科技学院, 重庆 400715; 2. 西南大学动物科技学院, 重庆 400715 摘要: 超长链脂肪酸(very long chain fatty acids, VLCFAs)在生物体中具有广泛的生理功能, 它们参与种子甘油 酯、生物膜膜脂及鞘脂的合成, 并为角质层蜡质的生物合成提供前体物质。角质层是覆盖在植物地上部分最表 层的保护层, 由角质和蜡质组成, 其中蜡质又分为角质层表皮蜡和内部蜡, 在植物生长发育、适应外界环境方 面起重要作用。VLCFAs 的合成由脂肪酰-CoA 延长酶催化, 该酶是由β-酮脂酰-CoA 合酶、β-酮脂酰-CoA 还原 酶、β-羟脂酰-CoA 脱水酶和反式烯脂酰-CoA 还原酶组成的多酶体系。合成后的VLCFAs 通过脱羰基与酰基还 原作用进入角质层蜡质合成途径, 形成各种蜡质组分。文章就VLCFAs 及角质层蜡质合成代谢途径中相关酶基 因研究进展方面做了综述, 并对植物蜡质基因研究中存在的问题提出一些看法。 关键词: 脂肪酰-CoA 延长酶; 角质层蜡质; 基因; 超长链脂肪酸 Progress in the study on genes encoding enzymes involved in bio- synthesis of very long chain fatty acids and cuticular wax in plants 1 2 NI Yu , GUO Yan-Jun 1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; 2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Abstract: Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) play a comprehensive role in organisms. They are essential biological components in seed storage triacylglycerols (TAGs), membrane lipids, and sphingolipids. They also serve as precursors of wax layer compounds. The cuticle covers the aerial surface of land plants, which consists of cutin and wax. The wax, in- cluding amorphous intracuticular wax embedded in cutin polymer and epicuticular wax crystalloids that cover the outer plant surface, plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, and adaptation to environment. Biosynthesis of VLCFAs is catalyzed by the fatt