国际市场营销（第十三版）chapter 11Pricing Objectives and Policies.ppt

Key pricing policies Price exchanged for something of value (as seen by channel members) Price List price Less: Discounts Quantity Seasonal Cash Temporary “deals” Less: Allowances Damaged goods Advertising Push money Stocking fees Plus: Transportation, taxes, tariffs, and costs of handling or disposal Something of value Product Branded—well known Guaranteed Warranted Service—repair facilities Convenient packaging for handling Place Availability—when and where Promotion Promotion