近30年来白洋淀流域平原区地下水位动态变化及原因剖析.docVIP

近30年来白洋淀流域平原区地下水位动态变化及原因剖析 　　摘要:白洋淀流域平原区是华北平原的农业高产区域,灌溉用水主要靠开采地下水。近几十年来,白洋淀地下水位下降严重,在1974年-2007年,该区域地下水埋深以平均每年0.51 m的速率下降,1980年以后下降速率明显加速,在 2000年-2007年年均下降速率达到了0.99 m。引起地下水位持续下降的主要原因是地下水超采严重,且用水高峰期遭遇枯水期,尤其体现在1980年以后年降水偏枯,同时社会经济用水量维持在高峰阶段。低效的农业用水模式及地下水超采已经严重制约了白洋淀地区水资源的可持续利用。 　　 　　关键词:白洋淀流域;平原区;地下水埋深;降水量;用水量 　　中图分类号:X171;TV211文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-1683(2010)01-0065-04 　　Dynamics and Causes of Groundwater Table Change in Plain Area of Baiyangdian Basin in last 30 Years 　　L Chen-xu1,2,JIA Shao-feng1,JI Zhi-heng3 　　(1.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources,CAS,Beijing 100101,China; 　　2.Graduate University of CAS,Beijing 100049,China;3.Baoding Hydrology Bureau,Baoding 071000,China) 　　 　　Abstract: The plain area of Baiyangdian basin is a grain high-yieid area in north China plain.The agricultural irrigation water was mostly obtained from groundwater.In recent decades, the groundwater level in this area has continually dropped seriously.According to statistics, the groundwater table buried depth has dropped at the average annual rate of about 0.51 meters from 1974 to 2007.After 1980, The declining rate accelerated significantly, and the average annual rate of 2000-2007 has reached 0.99 meters.The main factors to lead groundwater level dropping are the serious over-exploitation of groundwater, and the overlapping of peak water use period and dry season.Annual precipitation has been lower than normal years since 1980, and water consumption at its highest.The low irrigation water use efficiency in farmlandand over-exploitation of groundwater have limited the sustainable utilization of water resource in this area. 　　Key words: Baiyangdian basin;plain area;groundwater table buried depth;precipitation;water consumption 　　 　　0 引言 　　 　　白洋淀流域位于华北平原中部,属海河流域大清河水系,跨河北、山西两省和北京市的38个市县,流域总面积31 200 km2[1];地势西高东低,由大清河山区和大清河淀西平原组成。其中淀西平原区面积为12 323 km2,农业条件较好,是全流域内的高产区域[2],该区域内农业、工业及生活用水的90%以上都需要地下水供给。多年平均水资源总量15.14亿m3,地下水为主要水源。近年来,白洋淀流域面临严峻的生态环境问题,如入淀水量减少、水位降低、湿地退