带背腔的平面微带天线的研究与设计-电磁场与微波技术专业论文.docx

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 带背腔的平面微带天线的研究与设计 带背腔的平面微带天线的研究与设计 I I II II 摘 要 本文首先对圆环缝隙天线阵、圆形缝隙天线以及正弦天线三款平面微带天线进行了研究和 设计。这三款天线均具有双向辐射特性，主辐射方向垂直于天线平面，且在天线两侧辐射的能 量大致相等。为了实现上述三款天线的单向辐射特性，本文在天线的一侧附加反射背腔，使得 天线能在要求具备单向辐射特性的场合得到应用。 一．对于圆环缝隙天线阵，本文根据圆环缝隙天线阵的窄带特性，在圆环缝隙天线阵的一 侧直接加入了反射背腔，使圆环缝隙天线阵实现了良好的单向辐射特性； 二．对于圆形缝隙天线，由于文中设计的天线模型具有3- 9 GHz 的带宽，是一款超宽带平 面天线，直接在圆形缝隙天线一侧添加反射背腔会引入反射谐振长度，使得天线的带宽急剧恶 化。为了改善天线系统的带宽特性，本文分别采用了在天线背腔中添加三角调谐片和十字调谐 片的方法，使圆形缝隙天线的带宽得到了改善； 三．对于正弦天线，由于文中设计的天线模型具有4- 14 GHz 的带宽，也是一款超宽带平面 天线。所以，本文在天线一侧添加反射背腔的同时，根据天线的辐射特性，将反射背腔以圆环 结构进行了划分，并在不同的圆环结构中填充入对应频率的吸波材料，实现了正弦天线的良好 的单向辐射特性，也使天线系统的宽频带特性得到了很好的保持。 关键词：圆环缝隙天线阵列，圆形缝隙天线，正弦天线，背腔，调谐结构，吸波材料 ABSTRACT This thesis has mainly concentrated on the study and design of three planar microstrip antennas. They are annular slot antenna array、circular slot antenna and sinuous antenna ，respectively. All of them have bi-directional radiation characteristic, and their main radiation directions are perpendicular to the antenna planes. In addition, the quantity of the radiant energy from both sides of the antenna planes is roughly equal. In order to expand the application areas of the above-mentioned three antennas, this thesis has added reflected cavities to one side of the antenna planes to get unidirectional radiation characteristics of these antennas. As a result, they can be used in the systems that need unidirectional radiating antennas. For the annular slot antenna array, this thesis has added a reflected cavity to one side of the antenna directly, in accordance with the narrow-band characteristic of the antenna. From this way, the annular slot antenna array has gained unidirectional radiation characteristic. For the circular slot antenna, the bandwidth of the antenna in this thesis has been designed from 3 GHz to 9 GHz , so, this antenna is an UWB antenna. For UWB antennas, if we only add reflected cavities to one side of the antenna planes to achieve unidirectional radiation characteristic, the bandwidths of the antennas will