成本粘性影响因素的实证研究——基于结构视角会计学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 近几年兴起的成本粘性问题的研究表明，成本和收入的变化是不对称的，尤其在收入下降 时，成本的下降是有限的。成本粘性现象的普遍存在，客观上要求人们在实践中以新的视角和 观点来尊重和理解成本的客观变动规律。 本文首先对国内外成本粘性的研究成果进行梳理，在总结国内外优秀研究成果的同时，指 出目前成本粘性研究领域尚待改进的地方。在现有研究基础上，本文在以下方面做了新的探索， 一是引用不完全契约理论和资产专用性理论从新的理论视角对成本粘性进行理论解释；二是本 文对成本粘性影响因素的剖析更为结构化、层次化，并主要研究分析了董事会结构、股权结构、 资本结构、资产结构等“结构”因素对成本粘性的影响。 实证研究结果表明：（1）成本粘性是一种普遍存在的成本现象。这是由于资源的调整会使 得企业付出实际或潜在的代价，管理者对成本决策有一定的滞后性所致。（2）董事会结构是影 响成本粘性的重要因素。随着董事会人数的提高、独立董事占比的适度上升，企业的成本粘性 会有所降低。（3）不同的股权结构安排下，企业的成本粘性存在差异。本文的研究表明，当股 权集中度适中时，成本粘性是较小的。（4）企业的资本结构影响成本粘性。合理的安排债务资 本，有助于减小成本粘性。（5）随着固定资产比重的上升，企业成本控制的难度会加大，从而 成本粘性也随之增大。 本文认为，成本粘性是一种“中性”现象，对成本粘性的评价不能以“有利”或“不利” 来做评论。本文的最后提出了企业成本管理的相应对策，并指明了未来可能的研究方向。 关键词：成本粘性，影响因素，结构视角，实证研究 ABSTRACT Recent studies in cost behavior find that selling, general and administrative costs and cost of good sold are sticky, i.e., costs increase more with activity increases than they decrease in response to equivalent activity decreases. This cost stick phenomemon is against the traditional cost model which assumes cost increase or decrease equally with the volume of business inereased or deereased. In this article, we had a review over the previous studies about cost sticky phenomemon. There are two innovations in this article. First, this study proposed some new explanation about cost sticky phenomemon from incomplete contrat theory and asset specificity theory. Second, we analyzed structure factors to sticky cost systematically. We find that structure factors of company have some influence on cost sticky phenomemon. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Costs are sticky. Thats because companies pay the actual or potential cost for resource adjustments, and business managers give delayed decision. (2) The cost stickness is smaller when the firm’s board size is bigger and the ratio of independence share holder is greater. (3) Equity ownership structure has some influence on cost stick. (4) The cost stickiness is smaller when the debt to asset ratio is moderate. (5) The cost stickness is greater when liquid