超细晶变形铝合金的韧化机理-材料加工工程专业论文.docxVIP

I I 超细晶变形铝合金的韧化机理 摘 要 变形铝合金的强度和硬度较低，限制了它们在实际工程中的应用。利 用强塑性变形技术制备的超细晶/纳米晶材料具有高强度和高硬度的特征， 但却塑性使明显降低。本工作利用多向锻造及热处理技术加工变形铝合金， 多向锻造细化组织，起强化作用，而后续时效处理增强超细晶变形铝合的 塑性，使试验材料形成强度高且塑性优良的超细晶材料。 本研究选用 2A80 变形铝合金为研究对象，对试验材料进行多向锻造及 时效处理加工；对试验材料进行结构表征，分析试验材料的组织演变；测 试试验材料的硬度、应力应变的等力学性能。 研究结果表明，多向锻造及时效处理加工工艺可使试验合金材料形成 超细晶组织结构，材料硬度和强度明显增加，且塑性优良。材料经室温多 向锻造及时效热处理工艺后硬度和强度分别达到 116HBW 和 404.17MPa， 延伸率为 10.33%；经 130℃多向锻造及时效热处理工艺后合金材料的硬度 和强度分别 124HBW 和 387.09MPa，延伸率为 10.60%。 试验材料的强度和硬度明显增加由于组织细化及析出弥散分布的第二 相微粒。加工过程使材料内部形成既有细晶、也存在稍粗的晶粒的混合组 织，其中稍粗晶粒能够发生塑性变形以增殖位错及提高加工硬化能力，提 高超强晶材料的塑性；弥散分布的第二相微粒增加位错积聚能力，使加工 II II 硬化速率增强，有效提高塑性；同时，时效使试样的残余应力减少，也改 善塑性。以简化的工程应力-应变曲线建立线性弹－塑性强化模型，在此基 础上，讨论了超细晶材料的强度与塑性的关系，为理解超细晶材料的强韧 性提供了基础。 关键词: 铝合金 多向锻造 时效处理 强度 塑性 PAGE PAGE VI THE TOUGHENING MECHANISM OF ULTRA-FINE GRAINED WROUGHT ALUMINIUM ALLOY ABSTRACT The application of wrought aluminum alloys is restricted because of its low strength and low hardness. Ultra-fine grained/Nano-grain materials produced by severe plastic deformation technology (SPD) have high strength, but, they exhibit disappointingly low ductility. In this work, a wrought aluminum alloy sample was subjected to multi-directional forging (MF) and aging treatment. The strength of samples was enhanced by reducing grain-size after MF, and the ductility of ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials was improved due to the aging treatment. So the samples possess high strength and high ductility after the processing. In this thesis, 2A80 wrought aluminum alloy samples were subjected to MF and aging treatment. The hardness and stress-strain of samples were tested by hardness tester and stretch test machine. Microstructure features of the samples were characterized by metallographic microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The evolution for Microscopic structure evolution and mechanical property were discussed in detail. The results show that the microstructure of samples were become UFG after the MF and aging treatment processing, the strength an