活性炭联合脱硫、脱氮技术的研究-毕业论文（设计）.docVIP

PAGE 1 课题名称：活性炭联合脱硫、脱氮技术的研究 专 业： 火电厂集控运行 前言 近年来，随着我国经济的快速发展和工业化水平的显著提高，大气污染状况日益严重，我国SO2的排放量已经位居世界第二位，NOx排放量也在持续增长。烟气脱硫、脱硝已成为我国的一项重要任务，“节能减排”列为重要的约束性指标，要求确保在2010年将我国的SO2排放量降低10％，根据国家发改委的统计2008年底，我国已投运火电厂烟气脱硫装机容量超过3.79亿千瓦，约占煤电装机总容量的66%，脱硫建设进入了高峰期。烟气脱硝方面，已进入大规模工业示范阶段，全国累计已有数十个脱硝项目在建设过程中。  在烟气脱硫脱硝工程快速推进的过程中，我国脱硫脱硝的工程技术研究开发也进入了快速发展的阶段。活性炭脱硫剂是最早使用的干法脱硫剂之一，20世纪 30 年代西欧及北美一些国家已被广泛采用。我国是在 20 世纪 50 年代开始使用活性炭脱硫，70 年代创建了活性炭脱硫———过热蒸汽再生工艺。早先的活性炭脱硫技术设备庞大，再生和硫回收过程复杂、操作烦锁，逐渐被湿法所取代。近年来，由于又采用了新的脱硫剂生产技术，有不少中小型合成氨厂、尿素厂、联醇生产厂利用活性炭脱硫剂干法脱除原料气中的部分硫化物。此法具有硫容大、适应性强、操作温度低、并可再生反复使用和能回收硫磺等优点。活性炭本身具有非极性、疏水性、较高的化学稳定性和热稳定性，可进行活化和改进，加之它的催化能力、选择性、负载性能和还原性能、以及独特的孔隙结构和表面化学特性，价格便宜、来源广泛，决定了活性炭作为一种脱硫剂具有非常好的先天条件。但尚未形成系统设计方法，在烟气脱硫脱硝设计开发技术方面仍有进一步优化的潜力。  本论文旨在介绍活性炭的在脱除电厂烟气中硫元素和氮元素是的一些原理及其实验以及活性炭脱硫脱硝技术在电厂的发展前景。 目录 前言·······························································1 目录·······························································2 摘要·······························································3 绪论 ······················································4 活性炭的特性，作用原理及其应用 ··························4 2.1活性炭介绍······················································4 2.2活性炭纤维······················································6 2.3活性炭吸附性···················································7 2.4活性炭吸附原理·················································8 2.5影响活性炭吸附的主要因素······································9 2.6活性炭催化性··················································10 第三章 活性炭脱硫、脱氮原理和活性炭再生原理及其实验···············11 3.1活性炭吸附脱硫原理··············································11 3.2活性炭脱硫实验分析··············································13 3.3影响活性炭脱硫的因素············································16 3.4活性炭脱氮原理··················································17 3.5活性炭再生原理··················································18 第四章 结论························································20 后记································································22 致谢············