《研究设计之测量》课件.pptVIP

研究设计之测量 School of Public Administration Policy Dr. Kaifeng Yang Issues 概念操作化 概念化 指标化 测量的层次 复合指数测量 测量的好坏：效度与信度 提高效度与信度的途径 概念操作化 例子 从名义/概念定义到操作定义 Nominal (Conceptual) Definition A definition that is simply assigned to a term without any claim that the definition represents a “real” entity. It is A) defined by others; b) what it is vs. what it is not; c) shared; d) realistic and sensible. Operational (Working) Definition Specifies precisely how a concept will be measured 概念化 The process … we specify what we mean when we use particular terms. It involves describing the essential features