应用统计学英文课件 Bsiness Statistics Ch08 Confidence Interval Estimation.pptVIP

Chapter ProblemSaxon Home Improvement Saxon Home Improvement Point and Interval Estimates Basic Business Statistics, 11e ? 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.. Chap 8-* If the mean of these three values is 8.0, then X3 must be 9 (i.e., X3 is not free to vary) Degrees of Freedom (df) Here, n = 3, so degrees of freedom = n – 1 = 3 – 1 = 2 (2 values can be any numbers, but the third is not free to vary for a given mean) Idea: Number of observations that are free to vary after sample mean has been calculated Example: Suppose the mean of 3 numbers is 8.0 Let X1 = 7 Let X2 = 8 What is X3? Basic Business Statistics, 11e ? 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.. Chap 8-* Student’s t Distribution t 0 t (df = 5) t (df = 13) t-distributions are bell-shaped and symmetric, but have ‘fatter’ tails than the normal Standard Normal (t with df = ∞) Note: t Z as n increases Basic Business Statistics, 11e ? 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.. Chap 8-* Student’s t Table Upper Tail Area df .25 .10 .05 1 1.000 3.078 6.314 2 0.817 1.886 2.920 3 0.765 1.638 2.353 t 0 2.920 The body of the table contains t values, not probabilities Let: n = 3 df = n - 1 = 2  ? = 0.10 ?/2 = 0.05 ?/2 = 0.05 Basic Business Statistics, 11e ? 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.. Chap 8-* Selected t distribution values With comparison to the Z value Confidence t t t Z Level (10 d.f.) (20 d.f.) (30 d.f.) (∞ d.f.) 0.80 1.372 1.325 1.310 1.28 0.90 1.812 1.725 1.697 1.645 0.95 2.228 2.086 2.042 1.96 0.99 3.169 2.845 2.750 2.58 Note: t Z as n increases Basic Business Statistics, 11e ? 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.. Chap 8-* Example of t distribution confidence interval A random sample of n = 25 has X = 50 and S = 8. Form a 95% confidence interval for μ d.f. = n – 1 = 24, so The confidence i