微机原理ch05 888, 80286 MICROPROCESSORS AND ISA BUS.docVIP

8088, 80286 MICROPROCESSORS AND ISA BUS 8088 MICROPROCESSOR The first IBM PC used the 8088 microprocessor, and modern PCs still carry that legacy. The 8088 is a 40-pin microprocessor chip that can work in two modes: minimum mode maximum mode Maximum mode is used when we need to connect the 8088 to 8087 math coprocessor. If we do not need a math coprocessor, the 8088 is used in minimum mode. In 1978 Intel introduced the 16-bit microprocessor called 8086. It was 16-bit both internally and externally. The 8088 is internally identical to the 8086, but has only 8-bit external data bus. Since the original IBM PC introduced in 1981 used the 8088, we explore the 8088 instead of the 8086. 图 STYLEREF \s 标题 1 5 SEQ 图 \* ARABIC \s 1 1 The 8086 and 8088 in minimum mode Microprocessor buses Every microprocessor-based system must have three sets of separate buses: the address bus the data bus the control bus The address bus provides the path for the address to locate the targeted device, while the data bus is used to transfer data between the CPU and the targeted device. The control bus provides the signals to indicate the type of operation being executed, such as read or write. Data bus in 8088 In the REF _Re\h 图 51, pins 9-16 (AD0-AD7) are used both data and addresses in 8088. At the time of the design of the microprocessor in the late 1970s, due to IC chip packaging limitations, there was a great effort to use the minimum numbers of pins for external connections. Therefore, the designers multiplexed the address and the data buses, meaning that the Intel used the same pins to carry two sets of information: address and data. In the 8088, the address/data bus pins are named AD0-AD7, “AD” for “address/data”. ALE (address latch enable) pin signals whether the information on pins AD0-AD7 is address or data. Every time the microprocessor sends out an address, it activates (sets high) the ALE to indicate that the information on pins AD0-AD7 is the address (A0-A7). This