数据通信与网络chaper04.ppt

4.# 4-3 TRANSMISSION MODES The transmission of binary data across a link can be accomplished in either parallel or serial mode. In parallel mode, multiple bits are sent with each clock tick. In serial mode, 1 bit is sent with each clock tick. While there is only one way to send parallel data, there are three subclasses of serial transmission: asynchronous, synchronous, and isochronous. Parallel TransmissionSerial Transmission Topics discussed in this section: Figure 4.31 Data transmission and modes Figure 4.32 Parallel transmission Figure 4.33 Serial transmission In asynchronous transmission, we send 1 start bit (0) at the beginning and 1 or more stop bits (1s) at the end of each byte. There may be a gap between each byte. Note Asynchronous here means “asynchronous at the byte level,” but the bits are still synchronized; their durations are the same. Note Figure 4.34 Asynchronous transmission In synchronous transmission, we send bits one after another without start or stop bits or gaps. It is the responsibility of the receiver to group the bits. Note Figure 4.35 Synchronous transmission Figure 4.15 Using block coding 4B/5B with NRZ-I line coding scheme Table 4.2 4B/5B mapping codes Figure 4.16 Substitution in 4B/5B block coding We need to send data at a 1-Mbps rate. What is the minimum required bandwidth, using a combination of 4B/5B and NRZ-I or Manchester coding? Solution First 4B/5B block coding increases the bit rate to 1.25 Mbps. The minimum bandwidth using NRZ-I is N/2 or 625 kHz. The Manchester scheme needs a minimum bandwidth of 1 MHz. The first choice needs a lower bandwidth, but has a DC component problem; the second choice needs a higher bandwidth, but does not have a DC component problem. Example 4.5 Figure 4.17 8B/10B block encoding Figure 4.18 AMI used with scrambling Figure 4.19 Two cases of B8ZS scrambling technique B8ZS substitutes eight consecutive zeros with 000VB0VB. Note Figure 4.20 Different situations in HDB3 scrambling techni