《生理学》 CHAPTER II ENRINE SYSTEM-1培训资料.pptVIP

Chapter II Endocrine System;1902～1905， Bayliss and Starling’ experiment: after the mucosa of small intestine with blood vessel and without nerves was stimulated by HCl solution, the secretion of pancreatic juice increased, but didn’t when the HCl solution was injected into blood. Further demonstrated which was related to secretin(促胰液素) released by mucosa cells of small intestine.;1905, W.B. Hardy produced a term: Hormone (激素) Later, Penole elicited the concept of endocrinology (内分泌学);Endocrine system;Endocrine glands: anterior pituitary, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas gland, adrenal gland, gonadal glands (testes, ovaries), etc. (Fig Ⅱ-1) and Table Ⅱ-1 Tissues and organs with endocrine cells For example: Placenta (hCG) Mucosa of digestive tract (gastrin, CCK, etc.) myocardiac cells can contract and secret peptid substances(ANP, 心房钠尿肽);Coordination of body functions by interplay of several types of communication systems: Neural: neurotransmitters are released at synaptic junctions and act locally to control cell function. Endocrine: glands or specialized cells release into circulating blood chemicals that influence the function of cells at another long distance location(telecrine, 远距分泌 or hemocrine,血运分泌);Paracrine: cells secrete substances that diffuse into the extra cellular fluid and affect neighboring cells Autocrine: a cell secretes substances that affect the function of the same cell Neuroendocrine: neurons secrete substances(neurohormones) that reach circulating blood and influence the function of cells at another location;Solinocrine(腔分泌)：Gastrointestinal hormones are released into the cavity of organ and act to control cell function. (Table Ⅱ-2) Keeping in mind that many of the body’s chemical messenger systems interact with one another to maintain homeostasis. For example: the adrenal medulla secretes its hormones in response to neural stimuli.;Hormone(激素);One cell can secrete different hormones (o