Unit_9_宾语的确立.pptx

Unit 9主语的确立汉英句子主语从语言成分表现法上都有很大的差异，所以汉译英确定主语时一定要根据内在的逻辑关系，充分体现英语组句的特点。1）汉语的主语几乎可以由任何词汇或语言单位担任，而英语的主语则只能由名代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句来担任。汉译英时，许多主语要译成其他成分。汉语单句很多情况还可以无主语，英语中除了祈使句，都必须要有明确的主语。 (1) nouns or noun phrases as subjects 春天过去了。 一本五毛钱。 工业和农业得到了大发展。 长江一带是水稻产区。(2) verbs or verb phrases as subjects 说比做容易。 专心地听才能听懂。 (3) Adjectives or adjective phrases as subjects 勤俭是一种美德。甜滋滋的，挺好吃。 2）汉语主语的角度变化较少，而英语则变化较多，汉译英时应发挥英语组句优势，根据语境要求译出合适的英语主语。珠海近几年来发生了巨变。这句汉语的主语似乎只能由“珠海”担任，基本没有变换的余地。但译成英语时，主语的角度则可能有下列一些变化：①Zhuhai crackles with the dynamics of changes these years.②These years have seen (witnessed) great changes in Zhuhai．③Zhuhai has seen (witnessed) great changes these years．④There have been great changes in Zhuhai these years．⑤Great changes have taken place in Zhuhai these years． 2.这个地区多雨。①It rains a lot in this area．②People have much rain in this area．③This area sees much rain．④There is much rain in this area． 3)有些汉语句子常把方位词或时间词放在句首作主语，译时往往采用“there be”结构。1.墙上挂着一张世界地图。There hangs a map of the world on the wall．2.靠墙有一个书架。There stands a bookshelf against the wall．3.明天下大雪。There will be a heavy snow tomorrow． 无主句译法Chinese and English have different systems of subjects and predicates. Subjects in English are usually assumed by nouns, noun phrases or structures that have similar functions like nominal clauses, but in Chinese by a lot of other elements. A. Adding subjects: Since an English sentence usually requires a subject, the translator can add the subject that is omitted in the Chinese original when he translates a Chinese subjectless sentence. For instance：你一旦开始，就必须继续下去。Once you begin, you must continue. （amplification)活到老，学到老。One is never too old to learn. B. Using the empty subject “it”: “It” in English is always used for weather, time, and some other natural phenomena. Some of the Chinese subjectless sentences describing natural phenomena or time can be translated into English sentences with “it” being the subject.十点钟了，他还没有回来。Its ten oclock now. He hasnt returned home yet