低速斜置平板的实验研究-流体力学专业论文.docx

摘 摘 要 I I 摘 要 传统的飞行器一般采用对称的布局而斜置翼飞行器的机翼一端前掠一端后 掠形成了非对称的气动布局。在跨音速和超音速飞行中采用这种非对称布局的飞 行器比传统的左右对称的飞行器有更好的减阻特性。此外，斜翼飞行器可以通过 改变斜掠角的大小从而在起飞、降落或是低速巡航的飞行中采用大展弦比的气动 布局，而在高速飞行中采用小展弦比的气动布局。从而实现在不同环境下气动布 局的改变来主动适应外界飞行环境的改变以有效地完成飞行任务。 作为研究这类飞行器布局的第一步，本文研究了一斜置平板模型在不同攻角 和斜掠角下的定常低速特性。利用油流法我们先研究了模型整个表面的油流谱结 构，然后对模型一些感兴趣的位置我们进一步采用了烟线显示来研究流场的空间 结构。一方面，烟线显示实验中得到的结果解释了油流法显示实验中得到的结果； 另一方面，油流显示实验得到的结果补充说明了烟线显示实验中得到的现象。最 终利用油流显示和烟线显示相结合的办法，我们实现了解析模型周围流场结构的 目的。利用天平测力，我们得到了模型上受到的气动力。结合流动显示实验中所 得到的结果我们重点研究了模型的升力特性和滚转力矩特性，并最终从流场结构 的角度解释了模型升力特性和滚转力矩特性的成因。 关键词：斜翼布局、减阻特性、主动适应、油流法、烟线法、天平测力 A Abstract II II ABSTRACT The conventional aircraft normally adopt the symmetrical configuration. However, the oblique wing aircraft has an asymmetrical configuration with one tip of the wing sweep forward and the other sweep backward. During the transonic and subsonic flight, this asymmetrical configuration has much more advance than the normal symmetrical aircraft in the term of drag reduction. Additionally, the oblique wing aircraft can change its sweep angle easily to have a small ratio aspect in the landing and taking off or low speed cruise and to have a large ratio aspect in the high speed flight. Hence, the oblique wing aircraft could change its configuration to accomplish the flight mission efficiently by adapting the external flight condition actively. As the first step to study the oblique wing aircraft, in this dissertation we study the steady nature of a low speed oblique plate model under different angles of attack and the sweep angles. Using the oil flow method we first study the oil flow pattern on the whole surface of the model. Then using the smoke visualization method, we partially study the spatial flow structure on the plate where we are interested in. Therefore, on one hand, the results derived from the smoke visualization explain the results in the oil flow visualization. On the other hand, the results from oil flow visualization complement the results in the smoke visualization. Hence