中国戏曲的海外传播与演出日本长崎唐馆做戏暨相关文献-成功大学.PDF

成大中文學報 第四十九期 2015 年6 月 頁113-152 國立成功大學中文系 中國戲曲的海外傳播與演出 ： 日本長崎唐館做戲暨相關文獻紀錄初探 林和君＊ 摘 要 日本自江戶時代貣即接受中國戲曲文獻的輸入，包括雜劇、傳奇、曲譜等等， 供文士貴族閱讀。除了戲曲文獻以外，在日本鎖國期間唯一的開放港口‧長崎，由 於唐館提供了唐人的生活貣居，也將戲曲傳入長崎，在必要的習俗與場合演出。當 時，與唐人往來的日本官員、翻譯與文人雅士，便將中國戲曲的演出情況反映在小 說筆記、翻譯教材或是賦詠詩詞等文字紀錄之中；透過這些觀察紀錄，可以得知： 第一，中國戲曲在19 世紀以前即有海外演出的紀錄，而非僅有文獻；第二，當時中 國戲曲以何種條件傳播至海外的日本演出；第三，日本人對於戲曲演出的理解為何， 此點尤其重要，因為這是對於戲曲內涵真正的鑒賞，也是決定戲曲傳播與交流之程 度的重要因素。而將戲曲當時的演出紀錄和交流，與日本戲曲文獻的流播作一立體 式的參照與連結，始可真正瞭解戲曲在日本流傳之於戲曲發展的影響和意義。 關鍵詞：戲曲、長崎、唐館、做戲、唐人踊 ＊ 國立成功大學中國文學系博士候選人。 113 成 大 中 文 學 報 第 四 十 九 期 The Dissemination of Chinese Opera and Its Communication: A Study on The Chinese Opera Performance and Interpretation of Tang House (Tōjin-yashiki) in Nagasaki Lin Ho-Chun Ph. D. Candidate, Department of Chinese Literature, National Cheng Kung University Abstract Materials of the Chinese Opera, such as variety plays (zaju), legend (chuangqi), archival, and so forth were spread to Japan from Edo period. Chinese opera was also imported by Tang people (Tōjin) who lived in Tang House (Tōjin-yashiki) into Nagasaki, the only port open to the public during the Sakoku era, and performed in several important occasions. The Japanese officials, interpreters and literati who interacted with Tang people then wrote about the performances of the Chinese Opera in fictions, poetry and various accounts. From these records, we can firstly see that overseas Chinese opera performances existed before19th century. Secondly, we were able to know the circumstance and condition of how Chinese opera traveled to Japan and how it was performed. Thirdly, through th