公民提起民事公益诉讼研究-诉讼法学专业论文.docx

I I 公民提起民事公益诉讼研究 中文摘要 传统的民事诉讼模式在处理各种纠纷与争端的过程中，以定纷止争并解决平 等的双方当事人之间的纠纷继而对受侵害的私人权益给予救济为己任。然而，经 济的飞速发展所引发的诸多问题已超越传统民事诉讼所能调控的范围，因一己之 贪心而冒犯社会公共利益引发了大量的社会问题，对此要求在我国构建新型的诉 讼模式——民事公益诉讼这一诉讼模式的呼声愈发高涨。2012 年，民事公益诉 讼制度终于实现立法化，填补了我国长久以来缺失这一制度的空白。而关于这一 诉讼的原告资格问题更是社会各界人士及各个领域所关注的焦点，因此在原告主 体范围这一层面，就是否要将公民纳入该范围之内的问题一直在争议，目前为止 并没有得出各方均认可的一致结论。不论是从宪法赋予公民管理国家各项事务的 权利这一基本规定来看，还是就公民个人的私益与万千个体的公共利益二者之间 千丝万缕的联系而言，赋予公民提起公益诉讼的权利，不仅是其宪法性的基本权 利在管理各项事务中的一种体现，更是国家使用公力进行救济因自身原因或外界 因素的影响而不能时的有效补充。但是，赋予公民个人提起民事公益诉讼的权利 涉及诸多问题，不仅要考虑这一观点的理论支撑，还要考虑这一做法可能带来的 问题以及对这些问题的应对措施。 本文从民诉法的修改入手，对于公民个人是否应当享有公益诉讼起诉权利进 行讨论，就当前的民事公益诉讼的司法现状进行阐述，借助诉讼理论研究的成果 及域外的公益诉讼发展的成功经验，分别就立法过程中关于公民起诉资格的观 点，赋予公民起诉权利的实践动因与理论支撑，对公民行使民事公益诉讼起诉权 进行合理限制以防止滥诉等问题进行分析。 关键词： 民事公益诉讼 公民起诉资格 滥用诉权 Instituting Civil Public Interest Litigation individual citizens Abstract The traditional civil action mode as a way to deal with disputes on private interest that the victim give judicial relief, its fundamental purpose is settling disputes in order to resolve disputes between equal entities. However, many problems caused by the rapid economic development has gone beyond the traditional scope of civil litigation can control, especially in the field of civil and commercial matters, because the selfish desire and violated the public interest causes many social problems, which require to build in our country new litigation model - civil Public Interest litigation in this litigation mode voice increasingly louder. In 2012, the civil legislation of public interest litigation is finally filled the litigation of public interest in this legislative gap. Whether the civil procedural law academic ideas and build public interest litigation research, or public interest litigation system has entered a civil action, the plaintiff qualification of civil justice in the field of public interest litigation practice are public, legal theory and legislative concerns focus. The main scope of this level in the plaintiff, on whether to incorporate the issue of citizens withi