胡适史学思想及其特点的分析.pdf

I 胡适史学思想及其特点研究 摘要：众所周知，胡适是20 世纪中国最有影响力的学者之一。他身处中国社会 发生剧烈变革的时代，此时的中国史学界正在传统与现代的激烈碰撞中进行艰 难转型。虽说胡适史学成就非常突出，在中国哲学史、社会文化史、教育史、 科技史，以及历史文献学史研究方面都有很高的造诣，但还要特别值得一提的 是，胡适史学思想丰富且深刻。例如他一向坚持多元化历史观，认为历史事实 及其成因是多方面要素共同构成；认为只有那种不断的演进的历史才能被视为 是科学的历史，高度认同进化史观；在文化史观和文化比较论方面，他主张从 文化的整体来审视，坚持必须要探讨中西文化之间的独特性和普遍性；他开创 疑古辨伪风气，尤其是独辟蹊径的历史研究法，“大胆的假设，小心的求证”， 强调“历史的态度”；而对于年谱和传记的考证显示出了他前所未有的重视；此 外，在校勘理论上也颇有建树，他将校勘学作为研究史料时的一个手段。 可见，胡适的史学思想呈现出鲜明的现代性特征，如注重经世，讲求哲理， 创发己见，推崇考证。需要强调指出的是，胡适的史学思想对后世产生了深远 影响，如提倡输入学理，用西方近代文明的先进理念改造中国传统文化；明确 历史学和历史的概念具有一定的当代意义。总之，胡适的史学思想是推动中国 史学从传统走向现代这一过程的重要推动力之一。 关键词：胡适；史学成就；史学思想；特点；评价 II The Research of HU SHI historical thoughts and its Characteristics Abstract ：As we knows, Hu Shi is one of the most influential scholars in twentieth Century in China. He was in a time of dramatic changes and the chinese historical circle moved on under the transition between tradition and modernity. In the history of Chinese philosophy, social and cultural, education, science and technology, and Studies of historical literature, Hu Shi made highly achievements, and also his historical thoughts were rich and profound.For example，he always insist of the pluralistic view of history. He thought the historical facts and its causes are composed by many aspects and the constantly evolutional history can be viewed as the scientific history and highly recognized evolutional historical view ；Hu Shi insist that view the cultural history and cultural comparison from whole of culture ，and need to discuss difference and universality between eastern and western cultures ；He created query and authenticity ethos ，especially developed the special historical research methods ，“courageous presupposition，carefully confirm” ，