道路桥梁专业事故分析与预防外文文献翻译及原文.docVIP

毕业设计（论文） 外文文献翻译 文献、资料中文题目：事故分析与预防 文献、资料英文题目： 文献、资料来源： 文献、资料发表（出版）日期： 院（部）： 专 业： 道路桥梁 班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 2017. 02. 14 Accident Analysis and Prevention This paper describes a project undertaken to establish a self-explaining roads (SER) design programme on existing streets in an urban area. The methodology focussed on developing a process to identify functional road categories and designs based on endemic road characteristics taken from functional exemplars in the study area. The study area was divided into two sections，one to receive SER treatments designed to maximise visual differences between road categories, and a matched control area to remain untreated for purposes of comparison. The SER design for local roads included increased landscaping and community islands to limit forward visibility, and removal of road markings to create a visually distinct road environment. In comparison, roads categorised as collectors received increased delineation, addition of cycle lanes, and improved amenity for pedestrians. Speed data collected 3 months after implementation showed a significant reduction in vehicle speeds on local roads and increased homogeneity of speeds on both local and collector roads. The objective speed data, combined with residents’ speed choice ratings, indicated that the project was successful in creating two discriminably different road categories. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction 1. 1. Background Changing the visual characteristics of roads to influence driver behaviour has come to be called the self-explaining roads (SER) approach (Theeuwes, 1998; Theeuwes and Godthelp, 1995;Rothengatter, 1999). Sometimes referred to as sustainable safety, as applied in the Netherlands, the logic behind the approach is the use of road designs that evoke correct expectations and driving behaviours from road users (Wegman et al.，2005; Weller etal., 2008). The SER approach focuses on the three key principles of functionality, hom