Evolution of the Internet Map and Load外文电子书.pdf

Evolution of the Internet Map and Load Distribution K.-I. Goh, B. Kahng , and D. Kim School of Physics and Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea Abstract. We track the evolutionary history of the Internet at the au- tonomous systems (ASes) level and provide the evidence that it can be described in the framework of the multiplicative stochastic process. It is found that the fluctuations arising in the process of diversifying connec- tions of each node play an essential role in forming the status quo of the Internet. Extracting relevant parameters for the growth dynamics of the Internet topology, we are able to predict the connectivity (degree) expo- nent γ of the Internet AS map successfully. We also introduce a quantity called the load as the capacity of node needed for handling the commu- nication traffic and study its distribution over the Internet across years. The load distribution follows a power law with the exponent δ ≈ 2.0 and the load at the hub scales with the network size as h ∼ N 1.8 . 1 Introduction During recent years, the Internet has become one of the most influential media in our daily life, going beyond in its role as the basic infrastructure in the technolog- ical world. Explosive growth in the number of users and hence the amount of traf- fic poses a number of problems which are not only important in practice for, e.g., maintaining it free from any undesired congestion and malfunctioning, but also of theoretical interests as an interdisciplinary topic [1]. Such interests, also stim- ulated by other disciplines like biology, sociology, and statistical physics, have blossomed into a broader framework of network science [2,3,4]. The Internet is a primary ex