弗洛伊德presentation.pptVIP

* * * * * 西格蒙德·佛洛伊德（Sigmund Freud，1856年5月6日－1939年9月23日），原名Sigismund Schlomo Freud，奥地利精神分析学家，犹太人。精神分析学的创始人,称为“维也纳第一精神分析学派”以别于后来由此演变出的第二及第三学派。著作《梦的解析》、《精神分析引论》等。提出“潜意识”、“自我”、“本我”、“超我”、“俄狄浦斯情结”、“性冲动”（Libido）等概念，认为人类男性天生具有弑父娶母的欲望和恋母情结（即俄狄浦斯情结，参见：俄狄浦斯），女性天生具有弑母嫁父的欲望和恋父情结（又叫厄勒克特拉情结，参见：厄勒克特拉），以及儿童性行为等理论。其成就对哲学、心理学、美学甚至社会学、文学等都有深刻的影响，被世人誉为“精神分析之父”。但他的理论自诞生到如今，却一直饱受争议。 Sigmund Freud (German pronunciation:?[?zi?ɡm?nt ?f???t]), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychiatry. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression, and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient, technically referred to as an analysand, and a psychoanalyst. Freud redefined sexual desire as the primary motivational energy of human life, developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association, created the theory of transference in the therapeutic relationship, and interpreted dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires. He was an early neurological researcher into cerebral palsy, and a prolific essayist, drawing on psychoanalysis to contribute to the history, interpretation and critique of culture. While many of Freuds ideas have fallen out of favor or been modified by other analysts, and modern advances in the field of psychology have shown flaws in some of his theories, his work remains influential in clinical approaches, and in the humanities and social sciences. He is considered one of the most prominent thinkers of the 20th century, in terms of originality and intellectual influence. 人格结构理论 精神层次理论 心理治疗法 人格发展理论 The id refers to the raw, unorganized, inherited part of the personality. Its main goal is to reduce tension created by our primitive drives which are related to hunger, sex, aggression and irrational impulses. The id operates according t