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What is a PSD? PSD’s are effectively obtained by taking the modulus squared of the FFT. Some normalization has to take place (in this case 1/2T) but this can differ depending on the FFT algorithm used. Frequency domain techniques were pioneered by the electronics industry in the early 1940’s. The method was employed to investigate the cause of electrical noise in circuits. As power was generally the parameter being measured, it found its way into the title of the spectrum. The mean square amplitude of the sinusoidal waves is used because this was easily obtained by the early analog circuits of