第5章－交换和生成树协议.pptVIP

交换和生成树协议Switching and STP 熊金波 jbxiong@fjnu.edu.cn 福建师范大学软件学院 问题的提出(Bring forward some problems) I want to send a frame to host Y. 教学目标（ Objectives ） 5.1 第2层交换(The Layer 2 Switching) 5.2 生成树协议(Spanning Tree Protocol) 5.1 第2层交换(The Layer 2 Switching) 5.1.1 交换基础 (Basic of Switching) 5.1.2 第2层交换的优越性和局限性 (The advantage and disadvantage of the layer 2 switching) 5.1.3 两种交换方法 (Two Switching Methods) 5.1.4 交换机三种交换功能 (Three Switch Functions) 5.1.1 交换基础(Basic of Switching) 1 第2层交换是在LAN上使用设备硬件地址对网络进行分段的过程 The layer 2 switching is a process which use MAC address to subnet in LAN. 2 交换技术能将大的冲突域分隔为小的冲突域 Switching technology can separate the major conflict domain into small separate conflict domain. 3 生成树协议可以防止在第2层交换式网络中产生环路 Spanning-Tree Protocol can prevent loop in The layer 2 switching network. 4 交换机实现第2层交换 Switches implement the layer 2 switching. 5.1.2 第2层交换的优越性(The advantage of the layer 2 switching) 基于硬件的桥接 (Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASIC) 线速 (Wire speed) 低延迟 (Low-latency) 低成本 (Low-cost) 5.1.2 第2层交换的局限性(The disadvantage of the layer 2 switching) 1 默认不能分隔广播域 (cannot separate broadcast domain) 2 广播、组播、以及生成树协议的慢收敛，降低了网络性能，因此，第2层交换机不能完全取代路由器 (broadcast、multicast and STP ’s slow convergence, reducing the network performance, so, switches can not completely replace the routers) 5.1.3 两种交换方法（Two Switching Methods） 5.1.3 存储转发特征（Store-and-forward Feature） 1. 在转发之前整个帧被接收 The entire frame is received before any forwarding takes place. 2. 由于交换开始之前要接收完整个帧，较大的数据帧延迟会较大 Latency is greater with larger frames because the entire frame must be received before the switching process begins. 5.1.3 直通特征（Cut-through Feature） 1. 在接收完整帧之前，帧就被转发。 The frame is forwarded through the switch before the entire frame is received. 2. 最快的是只要读到目的地址就转发。 At a minimum the frame destination address must be read before the frame can be forwarded. 3. 这种模式降低了延迟，但是不进行检错 This mode decreases the latency of the transmission, but also reduces error