译者的素质，2010.11公选，Chapter1，unit4.ppt

Chapter One Unit Four Qualities and Prerequisites for a Translator The American translation theorist Eugene Nida (奈达) writes:   He (the translator) must understand not only the obvious content of the message, but also the subtleties of meaning, the significant emotive values of words and the stylistic features which determine the “flavor and feel” of the message… In other words, in addition to a knowledge of the of the two or more languages involved in the translational process, the translator must have a thorough acquaintance with the subject matter concerned. 译者的作用 翻译牵涉诸多的领域，比如语言、逻辑、修辞、文体、美学等。译者不仅要了解翻译活动本身的各个方面，还要掌握有关翻译活动的各种不同的知识、理论和观点，起到“作者”和“译者”的双重作用。作品的审美价值由作者创造，又由读者通过自己的审美经验来实现。而译者首先得实现原文的审美价值，再将它转换成新的审美对象，最后在译文、读者那里得以复现。 形象点说，译者就是一个为读者传达作者思想的“传话人” ，是两种语言文化间的“使者”，出入于两种文化之间的“双文化人”、“双语人”，“努力充当具有普遍意义的精神交易的中介人，并以促进这一交流为己任”，肩负着跨文化的任务，传递着跨文化的信息，从事着文化沟通的事业，进行着文化“复制”的伟大工程。 1. Have a good command of both the source language（源语） and the target language（目的语） 扎实的语言基本功。译者应具有较强的驾驭译出语和译入语的能力，能正确理解原文，熟练运用本族语。 A translator must have an excellent command of both the source and target language to ensure that his/ her comprehension is accurate and his/her renderings are smooth and faithful to the original text. Good expressions should be grammatically correct, rhetorically sound, logically acceptable, and culturally appropriate. 外语水平 英汉翻译时，英语的重要性主要体现在理解( 即对原文信息理解不深不透或对深层隐晦的寓意未能理解，甚至理解错误) 汉语水平 汉语水平的重要性是体现在外汉翻译中(汉语水平较高者往往能得心应手，左右逢源，在文学翻译中尤为突出) 有人认为，翻译外国小说等文学作品，三分靠外语，七分靠汉语，不管其说法是否科学，至少可以说明译者汉语水平的重要性。 e.g.(1) You’re telling me. (slang: I know that very well./ I knew that long ago.) e.g.(1) You’re telling me. (slang: I know that very well./ I knew that long ago.) 我早知道了. /还用你告诉我! (2) Henry Kissinger had slept there before, in July and again in October. (2) Henry Kissinger had slept there before, in July and again in October. 这之前，亨利.基辛格在七月和十月两度在这里下榻。 (3) Mille