河冰形成演变的二维河冰模型研究-市政工程专业论文.docxVIP

河冰形成演变的二维河冰模型研究 摘 要 冰凌是冬季寒冷地区河流上普遍存在的一种水文现象。这些地区河流 冬季常形成冰盖，寒带河流在春季往往会由于水力因素的剧烈变化而引发 冰盖溃决，国内俗称为“武开河”。这一现象会导致冰坝形成，进而形成 自然灾害。随着计算机技术的飞速发展，人们在研究冰水两相流问题时， 越来越多的采用了数学模型的方法。数学模型以其方便高效，费用低廉的 优势，已经成为研究冰水两相流运动规律的一种重要手段之一。基于冰盖 断裂机理并耦合冰盖材料热力性质，通过分析得到了开河判别模型，结合 水力学模型，模拟研究了开河期流量与冰盖下压力变化的关系，得到了流 量变化对开河日期的影响。对比分析黄河河曲段上的实测资料，计算判定 的结果与实际情况基本吻合，由此可知该判别方法是合理可行的并具有实 用性。 关键词：武开河；判别准则；数值模???  TwO．Dimensional Numerical Model of River Ice Formation and Evolution Abstract Ice iS a common phenomenon in the rivers of cold regions．Rivers in these regions often form the ice cover，The rapid changes in hydrodynamic conditions in cold region rivers during the spring season often lead to mechanical ice-cover breakup(commonly known as”Wu Kai He”in China)．This mechanical ice-cover breakup will result in ice dam formation and then trigger natural disasters．With the rapid development of the computer technology，the mathematic model is adopted more and more when it comes to study in ice-water two-phase flow．The mathematical model has become an important method when studying in the ice··water two·-phase flow due to its characteristics of convenience，high effectiveness and low cost．Based on application of ice—cover breakup mechanism along with consideration of ice-cover thermal characteristics， a model for the discriminate criterion of ice—cover breakup was created． In combination with the hydraulic model，this ice-cover breakup discriminate criterion model was used to evaluate the interaction between hydraulic and flow discharge under ice cover during the ice-cover breakup．The impact on the ice—cover breakup dates from the changes in flow discharge was revealed． Through an analysis of the data of Yellow River bend segment，the results of the calculation are basically consistent with the actual situation，can be seen that criterion iS justifiable and practical． Key words：mechanical ice-cover breakup；discriminate criterion；numerical simulation  插图清单 图2—1 网格变换图 13 图2—2 给定四边形边界条件