河道总督与清朝政治-历史学;中国古代史专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 研究清代的河道总督，首先要对历代的治河官员的设置有一个清晰的认识，知道河道 总督这一官职，在历史的发展中如何演变而来。其次，对清朝初年，设置河道总督的原因 进行探究。然后，清朝河道总督的发展过程非常复杂，包括以省区拆分，最终的裁撤，必 须仔细做一梳理，这有助于认识河道总督在清朝政治建构中的地位。 清朝河道总督的任命既反映了清朝在不同时期对于满洲人、汉军旗人、汉人委任的侧 重点的不同，也反映了清朝统治者对河督人选治河经验和治河成绩的重视程度不断提高。 清朝统治者重视治河，取得成绩的河督多能取得封赐和祭祀的待遇。但是，河督风险很大， 革职的比率很高。河政花费巨大，很多河督贪腐渎职，造成河政的败坏。 清朝前期，在皇帝的重视下，河政名臣迭出，形成了几个比较健康的治河时期。但在 皇帝忽视，河督渎职的情况下，河政会迅速败坏。这里可以看出河政的关键是皇帝与河督 的互动。河道总督靳辅因治河争议陷入党争，成为清朝政治史上的一次大事件。既影响了 当时的政治局势，又影响了皇帝的治河理念和之后的治河方针。河督与漕运总督和地方官 员的互动中，朝廷的意愿是各方官员互相合作。但是由于职权不明、用人不当，也使他们 常常互相攻击、互相推诿。河道总督与清朝政治的兴衰密切相关，在清朝兴盛时备受重视， 在清朝衰亡时，逐一裁撤。 关键词：清朝；河道总督；河政；政治 Abstract Study the river governor-general of Qing Dynasty, at first we have clearly understand the set of the office of harnessing rivers in past dynasties，and know how the River Governor-general evolved in the history of the development.Secondly, explore the reason to the Qing dynasty set the River Governor-general . Then, the River Governor-general of the Qing Dynasty, its development process is very complex, including split autonomous regions, and ultimately the abolition.We must be careful to do a comb, which help to understand the status of the River Governor-general in the political construction of the Qing Dynasty. The River Governor-generals appointment reflects not only the different focus of appointed the Manchu, Han Banners and Han Chinese in different periods, but also the continuous improvement of the Qing rulers on the importance of the River Governor-general candidates experience of river training and river training results.The Qing rulers emphasis on harnessing rivers, the River Governor-general having achievements can made bestowed and ritual treatment. However, harnessing rivers is very risky, the River Governor-general have high dismissal rate. Harnessing rivers is costly, so a lot of corruption and malfeasance River Governor-generals is resulting in the corruption of the affairs of the river. The early Qing Dynasty, on the emperors attention, famous river governor-generals often a