河道演化的动力学模拟分析-矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业论文.docxVIP

宁夏大学硕士学位论文摘要 宁夏大学硕士学位论文 摘要 IV IV 摘 要 作为自然河流的基本形态，顺直、弯曲、分汊、游荡等都蕴含着深层次的动力学机制，特别 是弯曲河流的河弯形态随时间不断地迁移和蠕动，这种过程就是河流演化的动力学过程，也是一 个及其复杂的过程。同时河流系统是一个复杂的系统，揭示复杂系统演化的规律是复杂性科学研 究的问题之一。 元胞自动机是研究复杂系统的一种工具，理论上可以模拟任何复杂行为。本文先用 surfer 生 成一个成熟的自然河道，并且建立元胞自动机模型模拟弯曲河道演化的动力学过程，从而获得对 河道演化统计特征的描述以及演化机制的理解。主要工作如下： 提出一种弯曲河道演化的元胞自动机模型，研究了高程、冲淤量和水深等因素之间的相互作 用对河流动力学过程的影响，同时也考察了水流与河道之间的反馈作用，兼顾弯曲河道中的湍流 运动。模拟结果能够展示与弯曲河道实际演化定性一致的河岸边界迁移、凹岸冲刷的速度大于凸 岸淤积速度，出现河槽展宽，深泓线移动等现象。 河道演化过程中，水流的携沙能力有限，河床不断冲淤抬高，比降减小，而相应河岸的曲率 是一个相对增大的过程，同时还得到了河岸移动规模的统计规律：河岸迁移规模累积概率服从幂 律分布，研究了河流动力学过程中的自组织现象。 关键词:河道演化，元胞自动机，幂律分布，河流动力学 宁夏大学硕士学位论文Ab 宁夏大学硕士学位论文 Abstract Abstract As the basic morphology of the natural river, patterns of the straight, meandering, braided, wandering contain some profound dynamic mechanism. Especially, a meandering channel will migrate continuously. This process is a dynamic process of channel evolution, and also an extremely complex process. Therefore, this is a topical issue of the complexity science. Cellular Automata is a tool for studying complex systems, in theory, and can simulate many complex behaviors. In this thesis, an initial mature channel is produced by geophysical software, SURFER. Then a cellular automat model is proposed to simulate dynamic process of meandering channel evolution. The simulated result can demonstrate some statistical characteristics of channel evolution and help us to understand the mechanism. The main work is as follows: We proposed a cellular automaton model of a meandering channel evolution by consideration of the interaction among the factors such as the elevation of riverbed, quantity of scour-silt, water depth and other factors which influence the dynamics of the channel evolution. Besides，two key factors are included in the model. One is the feedback effects between stream and channel, the other is the secondary effect caused by the turbulent flow that determines mainly the sediment transport in the transverse direction. The results indicate that the migration of the